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This 17 year old man is reporting blurred vision of 2 weeks’ duration.

Review Topic

The likely cause for this disorder is

Correct! This is acquired pendular nystagmus. The eyes are oscillating with two slow phases. The waveform is complex. The eyes have a circular or elliptical trajectory—“multivector nystagmus” or, casually, “egg-beater nystagmus.” The amplitude of the nystagmus often differs between the two eyes (“dissociated nystagmus”). MS affecting the brainstem is the most common cause, but brainstem tumors, trauma, and metabolic disorders can also be responsible. Superior oblique myokymia causes a fast oscillation limited to one eye that is purely rotary (torsional). When pineal tumors cause nystagmus, it will be upbeat. The nystagmus of dorsolateral medullary (Wallenberg) infarct is typically horizontal-rotary jerk. You might wonder why this patient reported “blurred vision” rather than the illusion of seeing objects as oscillating (“oscillopsia”). When the slow phases of pendular nystagmus are not of wide amplitude, the patient will report that vision is blurred.