The NANOS Annual Meeting (NAM) Neuro-Ophthalmology Collection

Year 2001

NANOS Annual Meeting #27, 2001
Mission Hills Resort, Rancho Mirage, California, United States of America
2001-02-18 through 2001-02-22 (program dates are estimated for this year)
Meeting statistics: 5 days; 7 programs; 108 presentations; 230 active participants (12 moderators; 81 presenters; 227 authors)

Day 1: Sunday, February 18 (2001-02-18) (program dates are estimated for this year)

Program: Scientific Platform Presentations (Session 1)
Moderators: Aki Kawasaki; Robert T. Spector

Presentation 1: Bilateral Orbital Congestion is a Risk Factor for Cortical Venous Drainage in Cavernous Sinus Area Dural AVMs
Presenters: Hadas Stiebel-Kalish
Authors: Hadas Stiebel-Kalish; Avi A. Setton; Alejandro Berenstein; Mark J. Kupersmith

Presentation 2: Self-Reported Visual Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis: New Data from the VFQ-25
Presenters: Laura J. Balcer
Authors: Laura J. Balcer; Siu-Ling Ma; Dina A. Jacobs; Clyde E. Markowitz; Steven L. Galetta; Maureen G. Maguire

Presentation 3: Three-Dimensional Kinematics of Blinks in Humans
Presenters: Oliver O. Bergamin
Authors: Oliver O. Bergamin; Sandra Bizzarri; Dominik D. Straumann

Presentation 4: Vertical Misalignment and Static Ocular Counterroll in Unilateral Sixth Nerve Palsy
Presenters: Agnes MF Wong
Authors: Agnes MF Wong; Douglas B. Tweed; James A. Sharpe

Presentation 5: Contrast Letter Acuity in Hereditary and Non-Hereditary Ataxias
Presenters: David R. Lynch
Authors: David R. Lynch; Jennifer M. Farmer; Laura J. Balcer

Presentation 6: Magnetic Resonance Diagnosis of Congenital Hypopituitarism in Children with Optic Nerve Hypoplasia
Presenters: Paul H. Phillips
Authors: Paul H. Phillips; Michael C. Brodsky

Presentation 7: Dyslexia: A Visual Problem?
Presenters: Susanne Trauzettel-Klosinski
Authors: Susanne Trauzettel-Klosinski; Manfred M. MacKeben; Jens J. Reinhard; Antje A. Feucht; Ute Duerrwaechter; Gunther G. Klosinski

Presentation 8: RU-486 (Mifepristone) and Meningiomas
Presenters: Susan C. Benes
Authors: Susan C. Benes; Herbert B. Newton; Suzanne L. Scott; MA Slivka

Presentation 9: Portable Pupillography of the Swinging Flashlight Test to Detect Afferent Pupillary Defects
Presenters: Nicholas J. Volpe
Authors: Nicholas J. Volpe; Shane K. Kim; Maureen G. Maguire; Gui-Shuang Ying; Mark L. Moster; Steven L. Galetta

Presentation 10: Analysis of the Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer in Patients with Optic Neuropathies
Presenters: Kimberly A. Peele-Cockerham
Authors: Kimberly A. Peele-Cockerham; Rattehalli R. Sudesh

Day 2: Monday, February 19 (2001-02-19) (program dates are estimated for this year)

Program: Neuro-Imaging In Neuro-Ophthalmology
Moderators: Sophia M. Chung; Norah S. Lincoff

Presentation 1: Pitfalls in Neuroimaging
Presenters: Norah S. Lincoff
Authors: Norah S. Lincoff

Presentation 2: Diffusion and Perfusion MRI and Their Clinical Applications
Presenters: R. Nick Bryan
Authors: R. Nick Bryan

Presentation 3: Functional MRI and Its Clinical Utility in Patients with Visual Disturbances
Presenters: Grant T. Liu
Authors: Grant T. Liu; Atsushi Miki; John C. Haselgrove

Presentation 4: MR Spectroscopy and Its Clinical Applications
Presenters: R. Nick Bryan
Authors: R. Nick Bryan

Presentation 5: Computed Tomographic Angiography and Its Clinical Applications
Presenters: Robert A. Egan
Authors: Robert A. Egan

Presentation 6: PET and SPECT Scanning and Their Clinical Application
Presenters: Pamela Y. Blake
Authors: Pamela Y. Blake

Presentation 7: Safety Considerations in Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Presenters: Sophia M. Chung
Authors: Sophia M. Chung

Program: Poster Presentations
Moderators: not available

Presentation 1: Infrared Pupillography and Visual Evoked Response in Unilateral Hyperopic Amblyopia
Presenters: Ping-I Chou
Authors: Ping-I Chou; Jiann-Torng Chen

Presentation 2: Bruckner's Reflex and the Foveal Pit: A Relationship Brought to Light
Presenters: Cameron F. Parsa
Authors: Cameron F. Parsa

Presentation 3: Transient Horizontal Nystagmus in Infants from Drug-Addicted Women: A Withdrawal Syndrome?
Presenters: Francois-Xavier Borruat
Authors: Francois-Xavier Borruat; MC Gaillard

Presentation 4: Botulinum Toxin Therapy for Apraxia of Lid Opening
Presenters: Daniel R. Boghen
Authors: Daniel R. Boghen; Viorika Paskal-Tozlovanu; Andreea Iancu; Robert Forget

Presentation 5: Thalidomide as a Steroid Sparing Agent in Refractory Neurosarcoidosis
Presenters: Jonathan C. Calkwood
Authors: Jonathan C. Calkwood; Srilakshmi Maguluri

Presentation 6: Isolated Unilateral Post-Traumatic Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia
Presenters: Jane W. Chan
Authors: Jane W. Chan

Presentation 7: Quantifying Motility Deficits by Alternate Cover, Red Maddox Rod, and Goldmann Perimeter
Presenters: Austin W. Coleman
Authors: Austin W. Coleman; Eric R. Eggenberger

Presentation 8: Infraorbital Nerve Palsy Secondary to LASIK
Presenters: Charles WG Eifrig
Authors: Charles WG Eifrig; Timothy J. McCulley; Byron L. Lam; Norman J. Schatz; Steven I. Rosenfeld

Presentation 9: Optic Tract Compression from Dolichoectatic Basilar Artery
Presenters: Medhat F. Guirgis
Authors: Medhat F. Guirgis; Byron L. Lam; Steven F. Falcone

Presentation 10: Acquired Arnold-Chiari-Like Malformations after LP Shunting in Pseudotumor Cerebri
Presenters: Susan C. Benes
Authors: Susan C. Benes

Presentation 11: Orbital Fractures Complicated by Late Orbital Hemorrhage and Vision Loss
Presenters: Clifton S. Otto
Authors: Clifton S. Otto; Robert B. Carroll; Robert A. Mazzoli; Marybeth A. Grazko; Darryl J. Ainbinder; William R. Raymond III; Elizabeth A. Hansen

Presentation 12: Late Complications of Retained Intra-Orbital Foreign Bodies and Indications for Surgical Management
Presenters: Clifton S. Otto
Authors: Clifton S. Otto; Robert A. Mazzoli; Marybeth A. Grazko; Grant D. Gilliland; John B. Holds; John V. Linberg; David M. Reifler; William R. Raymond III; Darryl J. Ainbinder; Elizabeth A. Hansen

Presentation 13: Optic Neuropathy in Children with Lyme Disease
Presenters: Thomas R. Hedges III
Authors: Thomas R. Hedges III; Allen C. Steere

Presentation 14: Visual Field Technician Performance in the Ocular Hypertensive Treatment Study (OHTS)
Presenters: John L. Keltner
Authors: John L. Keltner; Chris A. Johnson; Kimberly E. Cello; Michael A. Kass; Mae O. Gordon; Shannan E. Bandermann; Mary A. Edwards

Presentation 15: Correlation between Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and Automated Visual Field (HVF) in Patients with Non-Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy
Presenters: Randy H. Kardon
Authors: Randy H. Kardon; Susan C. Anderson; Mary LM Pereira

Presentation 16: The Transformation of Pseudotumor Cerebri to Pseudotumor Syndrome: Sagittal Sinus Meningioma Nine Years Later
Presenters: Ronel N. Santos
Authors: Ronel N. Santos; Jonathan D. Wirtschafter; Andrew R. Harrison

Presentation 17: The Intracranial Tuberculoma That Was Thought To Be Neurosarcoidosis
Presenters: Ronel N. Santos
Authors: Ronel N. Santos; Eric R. Eggenberger; David I. Kaufman

Presentation 18: Bilateral Optic Neuropathy Secondary to Manganese Toxicity
Presenters: James R. Lewis
Authors: James R. Lewis

Presentation 19: Photosensitivity as the Presenting Symptom of Chiasmal Compression
Presenters: Aki Kawasaki
Authors: Aki Kawasaki; Valerie A. Purvin

Presentation 20: Three Dimensional Analysis of Saccade Abnormalities in Unilateral Sixth Nerve Palsy
Presenters: Agnes MF Wong
Authors: Agnes MF Wong; Douglas B. Tweed; James A. Sharpe

Presentation 21: Epidemiology of Intracranial Hypertension in Israel
Presenters: Anat Kesler
Authors: Anat Kesler; Natan N. Gadoth

Presentation 22: Mitochondrial ATP-Sensitive K Channels, Novel Sites of Neuroprotection Against Glutamate Neurotoxicity in Retinal Neurons
Presenters: Satoshi Kashii
Authors: Satoshi Kashii

Presentation 23: Hydrocephalus Secondary to Isolated Spinal Cysticercosis
Presenters: Mitchell B. Strominger
Authors: Mitchell B. Strominger; Doreen L. Carter-Meehan; Roderick N. Hargrove

Presentation 24: Ophthalmoplegia and Familial Facial Palsy
Presenters: Andrew G. Lee
Authors: Andrew G. Lee; Paul W. Brazis; Eric R. Eggenberger

Presentation 25: Orbital Apex Complications of Neurosurgery
Presenters: Andrew G. Lee
Authors: Andrew G. Lee; Rosa A. Tang; Jade S. Schiffman

Presentation 26: Orbital Presentations of Giant Cell Arteritis
Presenters: Andrew G. Lee
Authors: Andrew G. Lee; Rosa A. Tang; Steven E. Feldon; Misha L. Pless; Jade S. Schiffman; Richard M. Rubin; Narsing A. Rao

Presentation 27: Improvement in Papilledema and Visual Loss After Endovascular Stent Placement in Dural Sinus Thrombosis
Presenters: Michael G. Hunt
Authors: Michael G. Hunt; Andrew G. Lee; Randy H. Kardon; John C. Chaloupka

Presentation 28: Extremely High Resolution MRI of the Human Optic Nerve Reveals LHON Associated Pathology
Presenters: Alfredo A. Sadun
Authors: Alfredo A. Sadun; Valerio Carelli; Swaraj Bose; Eric T. Ahrens

Presentation 29: Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Association with Cataract Extraction: Time of Occurrence and Risk Factors
Presenters: Timothy J. McCulley
Authors: Timothy J. McCulley; Byron L. Lam; William J. Feuer

Presentation 30: Visual Field Screening: Prospective, Masked Trial with a Commercial Laser Pointer
Presenters: Nicholas J. Volpe
Authors: Nicholas J. Volpe; Steven L. Galetta; Grant T. Liu; Maureen G. Maguire; Laura J. Balcer

Presentation 31: Wild Cat Scratch Disease
Presenters: Marco A. Lana-Peixoto
Authors: Marco A. Lana-Peixoto; L. Osvaldo; M. Cabral; IR Souza

Presentation 32: Optic Neuromyelitis in Schistosomiasis Mansoni
Presenters: Marco A. Lana-Peixoto
Authors: Marco A. Lana-Peixoto; LO Cabral; A. Muniz

Presentation 33: The Shape Distortion Effect in Cerebral Dyschromatopsia and Prosopagnosia
Presenters: Ji-Soo Kim
Authors: Ji-Soo Kim; Josee Rivest; James M. Intriligator; James A. Sharpe

Presentation 34: Asymmetric Papilledema in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: An Insight
Presenters: Eric R. Eggenberger
Authors: Eric R. Eggenberger; Ajay Pathak; Nayan P. Desai

Presentation 35: Migraine and Its Relational Blood Pressure Fundoscopic Features
Presenters: Ernesto N. Rios-Montenegro
Authors: Ernesto N. Rios-Montenegro

Presentation 36: Preattentive Visual Processing: A Comparison of Illusory Contour Perception and Texture Discrimination Using fMRI
Presenters: Robert K. Shin
Authors: Robert K. Shin; David A. Wolk; Joseph W. Kable; Anjan K. Chatterjee

Presentation 37: Two Unusual Cases of Prolactinoma
Presenters: Danny Y. Lin
Authors: Danny Y. Lin; Anne F. Benton; Richard L. Sogg

Presentation 38: A Case of Orbital Metastasis from Gastric Carcinoma
Presenters: Emely Z. Karam
Authors: Emely Z. Karam; Dario Z. Savino; Marcos Ramella Galmuzzi

Presentation 39: Malignant Glioma of the Optic Pathways in Adulthood
Presenters: Emely Z. Karam
Authors: Emely Z. Karam; Rafael Muci-Mendoza; Marcos Ramella Galmuzzi

Presentation 40: Chloroquine Retinopathy
Presenters: Jacqueline A. Leavitt
Authors: Jacqueline A. Leavitt

Presentation 41: A Unique Ocular Motor Disorder Characterizing Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood
Presenters: Robert A. Egan
Authors: Robert A. Egan

Presentation 42: Natural History of Optic Nerve Sheath Meningiomas
Presenters: Robert A. Egan
Authors: Robert A. Egan; Simmons Lessell

Presentation 43: Pseudo-Emboli in Susac Syndrome
Presenters: Robert A. Egan
Authors: Robert A. Egan; T. Ha Nguyen; John D. Tivnan; John O. Susac; J. Donald M. Gass

Presentation 44: Unilateral Papilledema Caused by a Fronto-Temporo-Parietal Arachnoid Cyst
Presenters: Hanspeter E. Killer
Authors: Hanspeter E. Killer

Presentation 45: When the World Is Turned Upside Down and the Television Keeps Falling to the Ground While Dwarfs Are Parading on the Ceiling: A Complex Case of Visual Hallucinations
Presenters: Hanspeter E. Killer
Authors: Hanspeter E. Killer

Presentation 46: Repeat Microvascular Decompression in the Treatment of Recurrent Hemifacial Spasm: Outcomes and Complications in Twenty-Five Patients
Presenters: Amin B. Kassam
Authors: Amin B. Kassam; Michael B. Horowitz; Jeffrey R. Balzer; Misha L. Pless

Presentation 47: Impact of Botulinum Toxin on Subsequent Microvascular Decompression for the Treatment of Hemifacial Spasm
Presenters: Amin B. Kassam
Authors: Amin B. Kassam; Michael B. Horowitz; Alan M. Scarrow; Jeffrey R. Balzer; Misha L. Pless

Presentation 48: Surgical Anatomy of the Optic Chiasm and Adjacent Structures
Presenters: Amin B. Kassam
Authors: Amin B. Kassam

Presentation 49: Development of a New Functional Outcomes Scale in Assessing Patients with Hemifacial Spasm
Presenters: Greta Seever
Authors: Greta Seever; Amin B. Kassam; Michael B. Horowitz; Julie Genevro; Lois E. Burkhart; Alan M. Scarrow; Misha L. Pless; Jeffrey R. Balzer; Yue-Fang Chang

Presentation 50: Clinical and Genetic Analysis of X-Linked Nystagmus (NYS1)
Presenters: John B. Kerrison
Authors: John B. Kerrison; Roberto Giorda; Thomas D. Lenart; Arlene V. Drack; Irene H. Maumenee

Presentation 51: Optic Neuritis Following Anthrax Vaccination
Presenters: John B. Kerrison
Authors: John B. Kerrison; David E. Lounsbury; R. Gary Lane; Martha P. Schatz; Renata M. Engler

Presentation 52: Monozygotic Twins with Bilateral Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
Presenters: Thomas J. Carlow
Authors: Thomas J. Carlow; CL Keys

Day 3: Tuesday, February 20 (2001-02-20) (program dates are estimated for this year)

Program: Scientific Platform Presentations (Session 2)
Moderators: Edmond J. FitzGibbon; Leah N. Levi

Presentation 1: Normal Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate in Biopsy Proven Giant Cell Arteritis
Presenters: Wayne T. Cornblath
Authors: Wayne T. Cornblath

Presentation 2: Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging in the Shaken-Impact Baby Syndrome
Presenters: Valerie Biousse
Authors: Valerie Biousse; Donny W. Suh; Patricia C. Davis; KL Hopkins; Timothy B. Mapstone; Nancy J. Newman; Scott R. Lambert

Presentation 3: Frequency Doubling Perimetry in Neuro-Ophthalmologic Disorders: A Comparison with Conventional Automated Perimetry
Presenters: Michael H. Wall
Authors: Michael H. Wall; Richard K. Neahring; Kimberly R. Woodward

Presentation 4: Thrombophilia as Risk Factor for Central and Branch Artery Occlusion without Evidence of Embolic Origin
Presenters: Ruth Huna-Baron
Authors: Ruth Huna-Baron; Ophira Salomon; Joseph Moisseiev; Uri Seligsohn

Presentation 5: Character Counting Using Snellen Eye Chart to Estimate Visual Acuity
Presenters: Adam H. Levy
Authors: Adam H. Levy; Timothy J. McCulley; Byron L. Lam

Presentation 6: Non-Arteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy in Patients with Factor V Leiden Mutation
Presenters: Andrew R. Harrison
Authors: Andrew R. Harrison; Jonathan D. Wirtschafter

Presentation 7: Can SITA Fast Be Used as a Reliable Alternative to Goldmann Perimetry in Neuro-Ophthalmic Practice?
Presenters: Gabriella Szatmary
Authors: Gabriella Szatmary; Valerie Biousse; Nancy J. Newman

Presentation 8: Scanning Laser Polarimetry for the Detection of Nerve Fiber Layer Defects in Patients with Optic Nerve Drusen
Presenters: Bradley J. Katz
Authors: Bradley J. Katz; Kathleen B. Digre; Judith EA Warner; Roger P. Harrie

Presentation 9: Temporal Field Loss in 'Unaffected' Eye with Acute Optic Neuritis: A Lesion at Wilbrand's Knee
Presenters: Mark J. Kupersmith
Authors: Mark J. Kupersmith; Jeanette M. Straga; Barbara B. Zeiffer; R. Krager

Presentation 10: Paraneoplastic Optic Neuropathy with Evidence for Vitreal and Intrathecal Inflammation in 8 Patients with CRMP-5 Neuronal Autoantibody and Lung Cancer
Presenters: Shelley A. Cross
Authors: Shelley A. Cross; Jonathan A. Mines; Vanda A. Lennon

Presentation 11: Outcomes Following Microvascular Decompression for the Treatment of Hemifacial Spasm in Eighty-Seven Consecutive Patients over an Eighteen Month Period
Presenters: Amin B. Kassam
Authors: Amin B. Kassam; Michael B. Horowitz; Jeffrey R. Balzer; Misha L. Pless

Presentation 12: Optic Disc Cupping All Over
Presenters: Klara Landau
Authors: Klara Landau; Balder P. Gloor

Presentation 13: Equivalent Dose Oral Steroid Use in Optic Neuritis: Ready for Primetime?
Presenters: Renee D. Bailey
Authors: Renee D. Bailey; John E. Carter

Presentation 14: A Comparison of Multifocal VEPs from Patients with Acute Onset of Either Ion or Optic Neuritis
Presenters: Jenny E. Hong
Authors: Jenny E. Hong; Jeffrey G. Odel; Xian Zhang; Myles M. Behrens; Donald C. Hood

Presentation 15: Patients with Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Frequently Have Other Defined Headache Disorders
Presenters: Deborah I. Friedman
Authors: Deborah I. Friedman; Elizabeth A. Rausch

Presentation 16: MAR Syndrome 64 Patients, Update 2001
Presenters: John L. Keltner
Authors: John L. Keltner; Charles E. Thirkill; Peter T. Yip

Presentation 17: The Effect of Stimulus Brightness on the Separation of Patients from Normal Subjects Using Computer Recording of the Pupil Light Reflex
Presenters: Randy H. Kardon
Authors: Randy H. Kardon; A. Leigh Bassman

Presentation 18: Local Use of Triamcinolone in Dysthyroid Associated Ophthalmopathy (DAO)
Presenters: Roberto N. Ebner
Authors: Roberto N. Ebner; Martin H. Devoto; Daniel Weil; Marcela Bordaberry; Carlos Mir; Haydee S. Martinez; Laura Bonelli; H. Niepomminszcze

Program: Hot Topics (Controversies)
Moderators: James A. Garrity; Howard R. Krauss

Presentation 1: An Outline of Controversies in Optic Nerve Sheath Meningioma
Presenters: Howard R. Krauss
Authors: Howard R. Krauss

Presentation 2: Biopsy Should Be Performed and Treatment Should Be Surgical - not available for Web publication
Presenters: Linda L. Sternau
Authors: Linda L. Sternau

Presentation 3: Optic Nerve Sheath Meningioma External Beam Irradiation: The Optimal Treatment for Patients with Useful Visual Function
Presenters: Scott L. Stafford
Authors: Scott L. Stafford

Presentation 4: Treatment Should Be Hormonal, Medical
Presenters: Alfredo A. Sadun
Authors: Alfredo A. Sadun

Presentation 5: Pediatric Optic Nerve Sheath Meningiomas: Special Considerations for Children
Presenters: James A. Garrity
Authors: James A. Garrity

Day 4: Wednesday, February 21 (2001-02-21) (program dates are estimated for this year)

Program: Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy, Normal Tension Glaucoma and Their Masqueraders
Moderators: Leonard A. Levin; Anthony C. Arnold

Presentation 1: Differential Diagnosis of the Big Cup
Presenters: Lynn K. Gordon
Authors: Lynn K. Gordon

Presentation 2: Why Do Some Disks Cup and Others Become Pale?
Presenters: Douglas R. Anderson
Authors: Douglas R. Anderson

Presentation 3: The Site of Injury of the Cupped Disk
Presenters: Leonard A. Levin
Authors: Leonard A. Levin

Presentation 4: Normal Tension Glaucoma: An Update; Reports of the Collaborative Normal Tension Glaucoma Study Group
Presenters: Douglas R. Anderson
Authors: Douglas R. Anderson

Presentation 5: Normal Tension Glaucoma and AION: Comparisons and Contrasts
Presenters: Anthony C. Arnold
Authors: Anthony C. Arnold

Presentation 6: Treatment Strategies for the Cupped Disc
Presenters: Richard P. Mills
Authors: Richard P. Mills

Presentation 7: Imaging the Nerve Fiber Layer and Optic Disc
Presenters: Joseph F. Rizzo III
Authors: Joseph F. Rizzo III

Presentation 8: Assessing the Vascular Supply of the Optic Disc
Presenters: Thomas R. Hedges III
Authors: Thomas R. Hedges III

Day 5: Thursday, February 22 (2001-02-22) (program dates are estimated for this year)

Program: Optic Neuritis and Multiple Sclerosis
Moderators: Steven L. Galetta; Nicholas J. Volpe

Presentation 1: Historical Perspective on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Optic Neuritis
Presenters: Nicholas J. Volpe
Authors: Nicholas J. Volpe

Presentation 2: ONTT (Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial) Update
Presenters: Craig H. Smith
Authors: Craig H. Smith

Presentation 3: CHAMPS (the Controlled High Risk Avonex Multiple Sclerosis trial) Update
Presenters: Steven L. Galetta
Authors: Steven L. Galetta

Presentation 4: Neuromyelitis Optica
Presenters: Eric R. Eggenberger
Authors: Eric R. Eggenberger

Presentation 5: Contemporary and New Immunomodulatory Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Presenters: Richard A. Rudick
Authors: Richard A. Rudick

Presentation 6: Outcome Measures in Clinical Trials in Multiple Sclerosis
Presenters: Laura J. Balcer
Authors: Laura J. Balcer

Presentation 7: New Imaging Techniques in Multiple Sclerosis
Presenters: Robert I. Grossman
Authors: Robert I. Grossman

Presentation 8: Evolving Concepts in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis
Presenters: Richard A. Rudick
Authors: Richard A. Rudick