VestMed
a. Anatomy, Physiology and Physics
-  ANATOMY
-  -  Temporal Bone
-  -  -  Anatomy of auricle, external auditory canal and tympanic membrane
2 3 3 2
-  -  -  Anatomy of the middle ear, ossicles and Eustachian tube, mastoid
2 3 3 2
-  -  -  Bony anatomy of the inner ear
2 3 3 3
-  -  -  Facial canal, petrous apex
2 3 3 2
-  -  Afferent Auditory and Vestibular Pathways
-  -  -  Membranous labyrinth
4 4 4 4
-  -  -  Oval and Round Window
3 4 4 4
-  -  -  Cochlear Duct (basal and apical turn) and Organ of Corti
3 4 4 2
-  -  -  Sensory hair cells
3 3 3 3
-  -  -  Semicircular canals: Ducts and Ampullae
4 4 4 4
-  -  -  Common Crus
4 4 4 4
-  -  -  Utricule and Saccule. Maculae. Otoliths. Otoconia
4 4 4 4
-  -  -  Endolymphatic Sac. Endolymph, perilymph
3 4 4 3
-  -  -  Cochlear Nerve
2 3 3 2
-  -  -  Superior Vestibular Nerve
4 4 4 4
-  -  -  Inferior Vestibular Nerve
4 4 4 4
-  -  -  Cerebello-pontine angle
4 4 4 4
-  -  Medulla, Pons and Midbrain
-  -  -  Cochlear Nuclei
2 2 2 2
-  -  -  Inferior Colliculus
2 2 2 2
-  -  -  Vestibular Nuclei
4 3 3 4
-  -  -  Oculomotor nuclei
4 3 3 2
-  -  -  PPRF
4 3 3 1
-  -  -  Medial longitudinal fasciculus
4 3 3 4
-  -  -  Inferior, Middle and Superior Cerebellar peduncles
4 3 3 1
-  -  -  Interstitial Nucleus of Cajal
4 3 3 2
-  -  -  Rostral interstitial nucleus of the MLF
4 3 3 1
-  -  -  Perihypoglossal complex
4 3 3 1
-  -  -  Lateral and medial medulla
4 3 3 2
-  -  Cerebellum
-  -  -  Vestibulocerebellum
4 4 4 4
-  -  -  Deep Nuclei
3 2 2 1
-  -  -  Mollaret’s Triangle : Dentate – Red Nucleus – Inferior Olive
4 4 4 1
-  -  Thalamus and Cortex
-  -  -  Medial Geniculate Body
2 2 2 1
-  -  -  Heschl’s Gyrus
2 2 2 1
-  -  -  Auditory Cortex: The core, the belt, parabelt and the what and where pathways
2 2 2 1
-  -  -  Vestibular Projections to thalamus and to cortex
3 2 2 2
-  -  -  Vestibular cortex
3 2 2 3
-  -  Visuo-vestibular system
-  -  -  Visual vestibular afferents
3 2 2 3
-  -  -  Oculomotor nerves
4 3 3 3
-  -  -  Ocular muscles
4 3 3 3
-  -  Vestibulo-spinal
-  -  -  Vestibulospinal tracts
3 2 2 3
-  -  Proprioception
-  -  -  Vestibular afferents
4 2 2 3
-  -  -  Posterior collumns
4 2 2 3
-  -  -  Proprioceptive receptors
4 2 2 3
-  -  Vascular
-  -  -  Vertebral and basilar Arteries
4 3 4 3
-  -  -  Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery PICA
4 3 4 3
-  -  -  Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery AICA
4 3 4 3
-  -  -  Superior Cerebellar Artery SCA
4 3 4 2
-  -  -  Internal Auditory Artery
2 2 2 1
-  -  -  Anterior Vestibular Artery
2 2 2 2
-  -  -  Labyrinthine Artery
2 2 2 2
-  -  -  Main Cochlear Artery
2 2 2 1
-  -  -  Cochleo-Vestibular Artery
2 2 2 1
-  -  -  Posterior Vestibular Artery
2 2 2 2
-  -  -  Cochlear Artery
2 2 2 1
-  -  -  Sigmoid/ Transverse Sinus and Jugular Vein
4 4 4 1
-  PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
-  -  Vestibular organs
-  -  -  Canals (cupula, physics incl. frequency dependency, gain, phase, time constant, etc.)
4 4 4 4
-  -  -  Otoliths (macula, physics incl. frequency dependency, etc.)
4 4 4 4
-  -  -  Ewalds' laws
4 4 4 4
-  -  -  Reflexes:
-  -  -  -  Vestibulo-ocular reflex (aVOR, rVOR, tVOR)
4 4 4 4
-  -  -  -  Vestibulo-collic reflex
4 4 4 4
-  -  -  -  Vestibulo-spinal reflex
4 4 4 4
-  -  -  -  Cervico-ocular reflex
3 3 3 4
-  -  -  Hair cells: different types, asymmetry
4 4 4 3
-  -  -  Tilt-translation ambiguity
3 3 3 2
-  -  -  Push-pull mechanism
4 4 4 4
-  -  -  Generation of peripheral nystagmus
4 4 4 4
-  -  -  Endolymphatic system
3 4 4 3
-  -  Functions of the vestibular system (incl. automatisation and speed)
-  -  -  Gaze stabilisation
4 4 4 4
-  -  -  Balance / postural control
4 4 4 4
-  -  -  Spatial orientation, navigation (allocentric, egocentric, etc.)
4 4 4 2
-  -  -  Multisensory processing of signals regarding these functions
-  -  -  -  including higher vestibular functions
3 2 2 2
-  -  -  -  including visuo-vestibular interaction
4 3 4 2
-  -  -  Limitations in multisensory detection (e.g. motion sickness, visuo-vestibular conflict)
4 4 4 2
-  -  Oculomotor system
-  -  -  Eye muscles and neuromuscular junction
4 3 4 2
-  -  -  Velocity storage
3 3 3 2
-  -  -  Smooth pursuit
4 3 4 4
-  -  -  Optokinetic response
3 3 3 2
-  -  -  Gaze holding incl. neural integrator
4 4 4 4
-  -  -  Vergence system
4 3 4 2
-  -  -  Saccadic system
4 4 4 4
-  -  -  Fixation suppression
4 4 4 4
-  -  Vestibular plasticity
3 2 3 2
-  -  -  Adaptation
3 3 3 4
-  -  -  Habituation
3 3 3 4
-  -  -  Sensory substitution and sensory weighing
4 4 4 4
-  -  -  Vestibular compensation
4 4 4 4
-  -  Vestibulocerebellum
-  -  -  Cerebellar flocculus/paraflocuulus
3 2 3 2
-  -  -  Cerebellar nodulus and ventral uvula
3 2 3 2
-  -  -  Cerebellar vermis and fastigial nucleus
3 2 3 2
-  -  Pupillary function
4 3 3 2
-  -  Vestibulo-autonomic interaction
3 3 3 3
-  -  Vestibulo-limbic interaction
3 3 3 2
-  -  Cervico-vestibular interaction
3 3 3 3
-  -  Neurochemistry of the vestibular system
3 3 3 1
-  -  Functional brain connectivity
3 2 3 2
-  -  Blood pressure regulation
3 3 3 2
-  -  Migraine
-  -  -  Concept of primary headaches
4 3 4 2
-  -  -  Neurobiology of migraine (incl. aura)
4 2 4 3
-  PEDIATRIC ASPECTS
-  -  Impact of peripheral vestibular dysfunction on motor development
3 4 4 4
-  -  Embryology audiovestibular system
2 2 2 1
b. Vestibular Symptoms
-  VESTIBULAR SYMPTOMS
-  -  Vertigo (spontaneous and/or triggered)
-  -  - 
4 4 4 4

Open Access: Yes


Bisdorff, A., Von Brevern, M., Lempert, T., & Newman-Toker, D. E. (2009). Classification of vestibular symptoms: towards an international classification of vestibular disorders. Journal of vestibular research : equilibrium & orientation, 19(1-2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3233/VES-2009-0343

Link
https://content.iospress.com/download/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves00343?id=journal-of-vestibular-research%2Fves00343

Description
This article describes the consensus-based definitions of vestibular symptoms

Keywords
vestibular symptoms, vertigo, dizziness, vestibulo-visual symptoms, postural symptoms, internal vertigo, spontaneous, triggered, positional, head motion, visually induced, sound induced, valsalva induced, orthostatic, other triggered, external vertigo, oscillopsia, visual lag, visual tilt, movement induced blur, unsteadiness, directional pulsion, balance related near fall, balance related fall, spinning, non-spinning

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  - 
4 4 4 4

Open Access: Yes


Bisdorff, A., Von Brevern, M., Lempert, T., & Newman-Toker, D. E. (2009). Classification of vestibular symptoms: towards an international classification of vestibular disorders. Journal of vestibular research : equilibrium & orientation, 19(1-2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3233/VES-2009-0343

Link
https://content.iospress.com/download/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves00343?id=journal-of-vestibular-research%2Fves00343

Description
This article describes the consensus-based definitions of vestibular symptoms

Keywords
vestibular symptoms, vertigo, dizziness, vestibulo-visual symptoms, postural symptoms, internal vertigo, spontaneous, triggered, positional, head motion, visually induced, sound induced, valsalva induced, orthostatic, other triggered, external vertigo, oscillopsia, visual lag, visual tilt, movement induced blur, unsteadiness, directional pulsion, balance related near fall, balance related fall, spinning, non-spinning

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  - 
4 4 4 4

Open Access: Yes


Bisdorff, A., Von Brevern, M., Lempert, T., & Newman-Toker, D. E. (2009). Classification of vestibular symptoms: towards an international classification of vestibular disorders. Journal of vestibular research : equilibrium & orientation, 19(1-2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3233/VES-2009-0343

Link
https://content.iospress.com/download/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves00343?id=journal-of-vestibular-research%2Fves00343

Description
This article describes the consensus-based definitions of vestibular symptoms

Keywords
vestibular symptoms, vertigo, dizziness, vestibulo-visual symptoms, postural symptoms, internal vertigo, spontaneous, triggered, positional, head motion, visually induced, sound induced, valsalva induced, orthostatic, other triggered, external vertigo, oscillopsia, visual lag, visual tilt, movement induced blur, unsteadiness, directional pulsion, balance related near fall, balance related fall, spinning, non-spinning

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  - 
4 4 4 4

Open Access: Yes


Bisdorff, A., Von Brevern, M., Lempert, T., & Newman-Toker, D. E. (2009). Classification of vestibular symptoms: towards an international classification of vestibular disorders. Journal of vestibular research : equilibrium & orientation, 19(1-2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3233/VES-2009-0343

Link
https://content.iospress.com/download/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves00343?id=journal-of-vestibular-research%2Fves00343

Description
This article describes the consensus-based definitions of vestibular symptoms

Keywords
vestibular symptoms, vertigo, dizziness, vestibulo-visual symptoms, postural symptoms, internal vertigo, spontaneous, triggered, positional, head motion, visually induced, sound induced, valsalva induced, orthostatic, other triggered, external vertigo, oscillopsia, visual lag, visual tilt, movement induced blur, unsteadiness, directional pulsion, balance related near fall, balance related fall, spinning, non-spinning

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  - 
4 4 4 4

Open Access: Yes


Bisdorff, A., Von Brevern, M., Lempert, T., & Newman-Toker, D. E. (2009). Classification of vestibular symptoms: towards an international classification of vestibular disorders. Journal of vestibular research : equilibrium & orientation, 19(1-2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3233/VES-2009-0343

Link
https://content.iospress.com/download/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves00343?id=journal-of-vestibular-research%2Fves00343

Description
This article describes the consensus-based definitions of vestibular symptoms

Keywords
vestibular symptoms, vertigo, dizziness, vestibulo-visual symptoms, postural symptoms, internal vertigo, spontaneous, triggered, positional, head motion, visually induced, sound induced, valsalva induced, orthostatic, other triggered, external vertigo, oscillopsia, visual lag, visual tilt, movement induced blur, unsteadiness, directional pulsion, balance related near fall, balance related fall, spinning, non-spinning

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  - 
4 4 4 4

Open Access: Yes


Bisdorff, A., Von Brevern, M., Lempert, T., & Newman-Toker, D. E. (2009). Classification of vestibular symptoms: towards an international classification of vestibular disorders. Journal of vestibular research : equilibrium & orientation, 19(1-2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3233/VES-2009-0343

Link
https://content.iospress.com/download/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves00343?id=journal-of-vestibular-research%2Fves00343

Description
This article describes the consensus-based definitions of vestibular symptoms

Keywords
vestibular symptoms, vertigo, dizziness, vestibulo-visual symptoms, postural symptoms, internal vertigo, spontaneous, triggered, positional, head motion, visually induced, sound induced, valsalva induced, orthostatic, other triggered, external vertigo, oscillopsia, visual lag, visual tilt, movement induced blur, unsteadiness, directional pulsion, balance related near fall, balance related fall, spinning, non-spinning

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  - 
4 4 4 4

Open Access: Yes


Bisdorff, A., Von Brevern, M., Lempert, T., & Newman-Toker, D. E. (2009). Classification of vestibular symptoms: towards an international classification of vestibular disorders. Journal of vestibular research : equilibrium & orientation, 19(1-2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3233/VES-2009-0343

Link
https://content.iospress.com/download/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves00343?id=journal-of-vestibular-research%2Fves00343

Description
This article describes the consensus-based definitions of vestibular symptoms

Keywords
vestibular symptoms, vertigo, dizziness, vestibulo-visual symptoms, postural symptoms, internal vertigo, spontaneous, triggered, positional, head motion, visually induced, sound induced, valsalva induced, orthostatic, other triggered, external vertigo, oscillopsia, visual lag, visual tilt, movement induced blur, unsteadiness, directional pulsion, balance related near fall, balance related fall, spinning, non-spinning

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  - 
4 4 4 4

Open Access: Yes


Bisdorff, A., Von Brevern, M., Lempert, T., & Newman-Toker, D. E. (2009). Classification of vestibular symptoms: towards an international classification of vestibular disorders. Journal of vestibular research : equilibrium & orientation, 19(1-2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3233/VES-2009-0343

Link
https://content.iospress.com/download/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves00343?id=journal-of-vestibular-research%2Fves00343

Description
This article describes the consensus-based definitions of vestibular symptoms

Keywords
vestibular symptoms, vertigo, dizziness, vestibulo-visual symptoms, postural symptoms, internal vertigo, spontaneous, triggered, positional, head motion, visually induced, sound induced, valsalva induced, orthostatic, other triggered, external vertigo, oscillopsia, visual lag, visual tilt, movement induced blur, unsteadiness, directional pulsion, balance related near fall, balance related fall, spinning, non-spinning

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  Dizziness (spontaneous and/or triggered)
-  -  - 
4 4 4 4

Open Access: Yes


Bisdorff, A., Von Brevern, M., Lempert, T., & Newman-Toker, D. E. (2009). Classification of vestibular symptoms: towards an international classification of vestibular disorders. Journal of vestibular research : equilibrium & orientation, 19(1-2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3233/VES-2009-0343

Link
https://content.iospress.com/download/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves00343?id=journal-of-vestibular-research%2Fves00343

Description
This article describes the consensus-based definitions of vestibular symptoms

Keywords
vestibular symptoms, vertigo, dizziness, vestibulo-visual symptoms, postural symptoms, internal vertigo, spontaneous, triggered, positional, head motion, visually induced, sound induced, valsalva induced, orthostatic, other triggered, external vertigo, oscillopsia, visual lag, visual tilt, movement induced blur, unsteadiness, directional pulsion, balance related near fall, balance related fall, spinning, non-spinning

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  - 
4 4 4 4

Open Access: Yes


Bisdorff, A., Von Brevern, M., Lempert, T., & Newman-Toker, D. E. (2009). Classification of vestibular symptoms: towards an international classification of vestibular disorders. Journal of vestibular research : equilibrium & orientation, 19(1-2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3233/VES-2009-0343

Link
https://content.iospress.com/download/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves00343?id=journal-of-vestibular-research%2Fves00343

Description
This article describes the consensus-based definitions of vestibular symptoms

Keywords
vestibular symptoms, vertigo, dizziness, vestibulo-visual symptoms, postural symptoms, internal vertigo, spontaneous, triggered, positional, head motion, visually induced, sound induced, valsalva induced, orthostatic, other triggered, external vertigo, oscillopsia, visual lag, visual tilt, movement induced blur, unsteadiness, directional pulsion, balance related near fall, balance related fall, spinning, non-spinning

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  - 
4 4 4 4

Open Access: Yes


Bisdorff, A., Von Brevern, M., Lempert, T., & Newman-Toker, D. E. (2009). Classification of vestibular symptoms: towards an international classification of vestibular disorders. Journal of vestibular research : equilibrium & orientation, 19(1-2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3233/VES-2009-0343

Link
https://content.iospress.com/download/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves00343?id=journal-of-vestibular-research%2Fves00343

Description
This article describes the consensus-based definitions of vestibular symptoms

Keywords
vestibular symptoms, vertigo, dizziness, vestibulo-visual symptoms, postural symptoms, internal vertigo, spontaneous, triggered, positional, head motion, visually induced, sound induced, valsalva induced, orthostatic, other triggered, external vertigo, oscillopsia, visual lag, visual tilt, movement induced blur, unsteadiness, directional pulsion, balance related near fall, balance related fall, spinning, non-spinning

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  - 
4 4 4 4

Open Access: Yes


Bisdorff, A., Von Brevern, M., Lempert, T., & Newman-Toker, D. E. (2009). Classification of vestibular symptoms: towards an international classification of vestibular disorders. Journal of vestibular research : equilibrium & orientation, 19(1-2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3233/VES-2009-0343

Link
https://content.iospress.com/download/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves00343?id=journal-of-vestibular-research%2Fves00343

Description
This article describes the consensus-based definitions of vestibular symptoms

Keywords
vestibular symptoms, vertigo, dizziness, vestibulo-visual symptoms, postural symptoms, internal vertigo, spontaneous, triggered, positional, head motion, visually induced, sound induced, valsalva induced, orthostatic, other triggered, external vertigo, oscillopsia, visual lag, visual tilt, movement induced blur, unsteadiness, directional pulsion, balance related near fall, balance related fall, spinning, non-spinning

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  - 
4 4 4 4

Open Access: Yes


Bisdorff, A., Von Brevern, M., Lempert, T., & Newman-Toker, D. E. (2009). Classification of vestibular symptoms: towards an international classification of vestibular disorders. Journal of vestibular research : equilibrium & orientation, 19(1-2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3233/VES-2009-0343

Link
https://content.iospress.com/download/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves00343?id=journal-of-vestibular-research%2Fves00343

Description
This article describes the consensus-based definitions of vestibular symptoms

Keywords
vestibular symptoms, vertigo, dizziness, vestibulo-visual symptoms, postural symptoms, internal vertigo, spontaneous, triggered, positional, head motion, visually induced, sound induced, valsalva induced, orthostatic, other triggered, external vertigo, oscillopsia, visual lag, visual tilt, movement induced blur, unsteadiness, directional pulsion, balance related near fall, balance related fall, spinning, non-spinning

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  - 
4 4 4 4

Open Access: Yes


Bisdorff, A., Von Brevern, M., Lempert, T., & Newman-Toker, D. E. (2009). Classification of vestibular symptoms: towards an international classification of vestibular disorders. Journal of vestibular research : equilibrium & orientation, 19(1-2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3233/VES-2009-0343

Link
https://content.iospress.com/download/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves00343?id=journal-of-vestibular-research%2Fves00343

Description
This article describes the consensus-based definitions of vestibular symptoms

Keywords
vestibular symptoms, vertigo, dizziness, vestibulo-visual symptoms, postural symptoms, internal vertigo, spontaneous, triggered, positional, head motion, visually induced, sound induced, valsalva induced, orthostatic, other triggered, external vertigo, oscillopsia, visual lag, visual tilt, movement induced blur, unsteadiness, directional pulsion, balance related near fall, balance related fall, spinning, non-spinning

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  - 
4 4 4 4

Open Access: Yes


Bisdorff, A., Von Brevern, M., Lempert, T., & Newman-Toker, D. E. (2009). Classification of vestibular symptoms: towards an international classification of vestibular disorders. Journal of vestibular research : equilibrium & orientation, 19(1-2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3233/VES-2009-0343

Link
https://content.iospress.com/download/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves00343?id=journal-of-vestibular-research%2Fves00343

Description
This article describes the consensus-based definitions of vestibular symptoms

Keywords
vestibular symptoms, vertigo, dizziness, vestibulo-visual symptoms, postural symptoms, internal vertigo, spontaneous, triggered, positional, head motion, visually induced, sound induced, valsalva induced, orthostatic, other triggered, external vertigo, oscillopsia, visual lag, visual tilt, movement induced blur, unsteadiness, directional pulsion, balance related near fall, balance related fall, spinning, non-spinning

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  - 
4 4 4 4

Open Access: Yes


Bisdorff, A., Von Brevern, M., Lempert, T., & Newman-Toker, D. E. (2009). Classification of vestibular symptoms: towards an international classification of vestibular disorders. Journal of vestibular research : equilibrium & orientation, 19(1-2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3233/VES-2009-0343

Link
https://content.iospress.com/download/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves00343?id=journal-of-vestibular-research%2Fves00343

Description
This article describes the consensus-based definitions of vestibular symptoms

Keywords
vestibular symptoms, vertigo, dizziness, vestibulo-visual symptoms, postural symptoms, internal vertigo, spontaneous, triggered, positional, head motion, visually induced, sound induced, valsalva induced, orthostatic, other triggered, external vertigo, oscillopsia, visual lag, visual tilt, movement induced blur, unsteadiness, directional pulsion, balance related near fall, balance related fall, spinning, non-spinning

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  Vestibulo-Visual symptoms
-  -  - 
4 4 4 4

Open Access: Yes


Bisdorff, A., Von Brevern, M., Lempert, T., & Newman-Toker, D. E. (2009). Classification of vestibular symptoms: towards an international classification of vestibular disorders. Journal of vestibular research : equilibrium & orientation, 19(1-2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3233/VES-2009-0343

Link
https://content.iospress.com/download/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves00343?id=journal-of-vestibular-research%2Fves00343

Description
This article describes the consensus-based definitions of vestibular symptoms

Keywords
vestibular symptoms, vertigo, dizziness, vestibulo-visual symptoms, postural symptoms, internal vertigo, spontaneous, triggered, positional, head motion, visually induced, sound induced, valsalva induced, orthostatic, other triggered, external vertigo, oscillopsia, visual lag, visual tilt, movement induced blur, unsteadiness, directional pulsion, balance related near fall, balance related fall, spinning, non-spinning

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  - 
4 4 4 4

Open Access: Yes


Bisdorff, A., Von Brevern, M., Lempert, T., & Newman-Toker, D. E. (2009). Classification of vestibular symptoms: towards an international classification of vestibular disorders. Journal of vestibular research : equilibrium & orientation, 19(1-2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3233/VES-2009-0343

Link
https://content.iospress.com/download/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves00343?id=journal-of-vestibular-research%2Fves00343

Description
This article describes the consensus-based definitions of vestibular symptoms

Keywords
vestibular symptoms, vertigo, dizziness, vestibulo-visual symptoms, postural symptoms, internal vertigo, spontaneous, triggered, positional, head motion, visually induced, sound induced, valsalva induced, orthostatic, other triggered, external vertigo, oscillopsia, visual lag, visual tilt, movement induced blur, unsteadiness, directional pulsion, balance related near fall, balance related fall, spinning, non-spinning

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  - 
4 4 4 4

Open Access: Yes


Bisdorff, A., Von Brevern, M., Lempert, T., & Newman-Toker, D. E. (2009). Classification of vestibular symptoms: towards an international classification of vestibular disorders. Journal of vestibular research : equilibrium & orientation, 19(1-2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3233/VES-2009-0343

Link
https://content.iospress.com/download/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves00343?id=journal-of-vestibular-research%2Fves00343

Description
This article describes the consensus-based definitions of vestibular symptoms

Keywords
vestibular symptoms, vertigo, dizziness, vestibulo-visual symptoms, postural symptoms, internal vertigo, spontaneous, triggered, positional, head motion, visually induced, sound induced, valsalva induced, orthostatic, other triggered, external vertigo, oscillopsia, visual lag, visual tilt, movement induced blur, unsteadiness, directional pulsion, balance related near fall, balance related fall, spinning, non-spinning

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  - 
4 4 4 4

Open Access: Yes


Bisdorff, A., Von Brevern, M., Lempert, T., & Newman-Toker, D. E. (2009). Classification of vestibular symptoms: towards an international classification of vestibular disorders. Journal of vestibular research : equilibrium & orientation, 19(1-2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3233/VES-2009-0343

Link
https://content.iospress.com/download/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves00343?id=journal-of-vestibular-research%2Fves00343

Description
This article describes the consensus-based definitions of vestibular symptoms

Keywords
vestibular symptoms, vertigo, dizziness, vestibulo-visual symptoms, postural symptoms, internal vertigo, spontaneous, triggered, positional, head motion, visually induced, sound induced, valsalva induced, orthostatic, other triggered, external vertigo, oscillopsia, visual lag, visual tilt, movement induced blur, unsteadiness, directional pulsion, balance related near fall, balance related fall, spinning, non-spinning

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  - 
4 4 4 4

Open Access: Yes


Bisdorff, A., Von Brevern, M., Lempert, T., & Newman-Toker, D. E. (2009). Classification of vestibular symptoms: towards an international classification of vestibular disorders. Journal of vestibular research : equilibrium & orientation, 19(1-2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3233/VES-2009-0343

Link
https://content.iospress.com/download/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves00343?id=journal-of-vestibular-research%2Fves00343

Description
This article describes the consensus-based definitions of vestibular symptoms

Keywords
vestibular symptoms, vertigo, dizziness, vestibulo-visual symptoms, postural symptoms, internal vertigo, spontaneous, triggered, positional, head motion, visually induced, sound induced, valsalva induced, orthostatic, other triggered, external vertigo, oscillopsia, visual lag, visual tilt, movement induced blur, unsteadiness, directional pulsion, balance related near fall, balance related fall, spinning, non-spinning

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  Postural symptoms
-  -  - 
4 4 4 4

Open Access: Yes


Bisdorff, A., Von Brevern, M., Lempert, T., & Newman-Toker, D. E. (2009). Classification of vestibular symptoms: towards an international classification of vestibular disorders. Journal of vestibular research : equilibrium & orientation, 19(1-2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3233/VES-2009-0343

Link
https://content.iospress.com/download/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves00343?id=journal-of-vestibular-research%2Fves00343

Description
This article describes the consensus-based definitions of vestibular symptoms

Keywords
vestibular symptoms, vertigo, dizziness, vestibulo-visual symptoms, postural symptoms, internal vertigo, spontaneous, triggered, positional, head motion, visually induced, sound induced, valsalva induced, orthostatic, other triggered, external vertigo, oscillopsia, visual lag, visual tilt, movement induced blur, unsteadiness, directional pulsion, balance related near fall, balance related fall, spinning, non-spinning

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  - 
4 4 4 4

Open Access: Yes


Bisdorff, A., Von Brevern, M., Lempert, T., & Newman-Toker, D. E. (2009). Classification of vestibular symptoms: towards an international classification of vestibular disorders. Journal of vestibular research : equilibrium & orientation, 19(1-2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3233/VES-2009-0343

Link
https://content.iospress.com/download/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves00343?id=journal-of-vestibular-research%2Fves00343

Description
This article describes the consensus-based definitions of vestibular symptoms

Keywords
vestibular symptoms, vertigo, dizziness, vestibulo-visual symptoms, postural symptoms, internal vertigo, spontaneous, triggered, positional, head motion, visually induced, sound induced, valsalva induced, orthostatic, other triggered, external vertigo, oscillopsia, visual lag, visual tilt, movement induced blur, unsteadiness, directional pulsion, balance related near fall, balance related fall, spinning, non-spinning

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  - 
4 4 4 4

Open Access: Yes


Bisdorff, A., Von Brevern, M., Lempert, T., & Newman-Toker, D. E. (2009). Classification of vestibular symptoms: towards an international classification of vestibular disorders. Journal of vestibular research : equilibrium & orientation, 19(1-2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3233/VES-2009-0343

Link
https://content.iospress.com/download/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves00343?id=journal-of-vestibular-research%2Fves00343

Description
This article describes the consensus-based definitions of vestibular symptoms

Keywords
vestibular symptoms, vertigo, dizziness, vestibulo-visual symptoms, postural symptoms, internal vertigo, spontaneous, triggered, positional, head motion, visually induced, sound induced, valsalva induced, orthostatic, other triggered, external vertigo, oscillopsia, visual lag, visual tilt, movement induced blur, unsteadiness, directional pulsion, balance related near fall, balance related fall, spinning, non-spinning

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  - 
4 4 4 4

Open Access: Yes


Bisdorff, A., Von Brevern, M., Lempert, T., & Newman-Toker, D. E. (2009). Classification of vestibular symptoms: towards an international classification of vestibular disorders. Journal of vestibular research : equilibrium & orientation, 19(1-2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3233/VES-2009-0343

Link
https://content.iospress.com/download/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves00343?id=journal-of-vestibular-research%2Fves00343

Description
This article describes the consensus-based definitions of vestibular symptoms

Keywords
vestibular symptoms, vertigo, dizziness, vestibulo-visual symptoms, postural symptoms, internal vertigo, spontaneous, triggered, positional, head motion, visually induced, sound induced, valsalva induced, orthostatic, other triggered, external vertigo, oscillopsia, visual lag, visual tilt, movement induced blur, unsteadiness, directional pulsion, balance related near fall, balance related fall, spinning, non-spinning

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  Diplopia
-  -  -  Vertical diplopia
4 3 4 2
-  -  -  Horizontal diplopia
4 3 4 2
-  -  -  Binocular and monocular diplopia
4 3 4 2
-  -  Higher order vestibular symptoms
-  -  -  Spatial memory deficit
3 3 3 2
-  -  -  Spatial disorientation
3 3 3 2
-  -  -  Depersonalisation / derealisation
3 2 3 2
-  EAR AND AUDITORY SYMPTOMS
-  -  Hearing loss
3 4 4 3
-  -  -  Tinnitus
-  -  -  -  Non-pulsatile tinnitus
3 4 4 2
-  -  -  -  Pulsatile tinnitus
3 4 4 2
-  -  Hyperacusis
2 4 4 2
-  -  Autophony
2 4 3 3
-  -  Otalgia
2 4 3 2
-  -  Aural fullness
2 4 3 2
-  OTHER
-  -  Sensory loss or paresthesia in extremities and/or face
4 2 3 4
-  -  Weakness in extremities and/or face
4 2 3 4
-  -  Headache
4 3 3 2
-  -  -  Autonomic symptoms
-  -  -  -  palpitations
3 2 3 2
-  -  -  -  sweating
3 2 3 2
-  -  -  -  nausea
3 2 3 2
-  -  Anxiety
3 3 3 3
-  -  Mood
3 3 3 3
-  PEDIATRIC ASPECTS OF VESTIBULAR SYMPTOMS
-  -  Awareness of age-related presentations of symptoms
2 3 3 3
c. History taking
-  HISTORY TAKING
-  - 
NA NA NA NA 4 4 4 4

Open Access: Yes


van de Berg, R., & Kingma, H. (2021). History Taking in Non-Acute Vestibular Symptoms: A 4-Step Approach. Journal of clinical medicine, 10(24), 5726. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10245726

Link
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8703413/pdf/jcm-10-05726.pdf

Description
This article describes how to perform structured history taking in patients with non-acute vestibular symptoms

Keywords
history taking, vestibular symptoms, triggers, timing, titrate, discohat, so stoned, vestibular syndromes, 4-step approach, acute vestibular syndrome, episodic vestibular syndrome, chronic vestibular syndrome, overlap, accompanying symptoms, differential diagnosis, differential diagnoses

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics

Open Access: Yes


Bisdorff, A., Von Brevern, M., Lempert, T., & Newman-Toker, D. E. (2009). Classification of vestibular symptoms: towards an international classification of vestibular disorders. Journal of vestibular research : equilibrium & orientation, 19(1-2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3233/VES-2009-0343

Link
https://content.iospress.com/download/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves00343?id=journal-of-vestibular-research%2Fves00343

Description
This article describes the consensus-based definitions of vestibular symptoms

Keywords
vestibular symptoms, vertigo, dizziness, vestibulo-visual symptoms, postural symptoms, internal vertigo, spontaneous, triggered, positional, head motion, visually induced, sound induced, valsalva induced, orthostatic, other triggered, external vertigo, oscillopsia, visual lag, visual tilt, movement induced blur, unsteadiness, directional pulsion, balance related near fall, balance related fall, spinning, non-spinning

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  - 
NA NA NA NA 4 4 4 4

Open Access: Yes


Newman-Toker, D. E., & Edlow, J. A. (2015). TiTrATE: A Novel, Evidence-Based Approach to Diagnosing Acute Dizziness and Vertigo. Neurologic clinics, 33(3), 577–viii. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ncl.2015.04.011

Link
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4522574/pdf/nihms705071.pdf

Description
This article describes how to classify symptoms into vestibular syndromes, by focusing on timing and triggers

Keywords
history taking, vestibular symptoms, triggers, timing, titrate, vestibular syndromes, acute vestibular syndrome, episodic vestibular syndrome, chronic vestibular syndrome, differential diagnosis, differential diagnoses, dizziness, presyncope, syncope, vertigo, unsteadiness, targeted examination

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics

Open Access: Yes


Bisdorff, A., Von Brevern, M., Lempert, T., & Newman-Toker, D. E. (2009). Classification of vestibular symptoms: towards an international classification of vestibular disorders. Journal of vestibular research : equilibrium & orientation, 19(1-2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3233/VES-2009-0343

Link
https://content.iospress.com/download/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves00343?id=journal-of-vestibular-research%2Fves00343

Description
This article describes the consensus-based definitions of vestibular symptoms

Keywords
vestibular symptoms, vertigo, dizziness, vestibulo-visual symptoms, postural symptoms, internal vertigo, spontaneous, triggered, positional, head motion, visually induced, sound induced, valsalva induced, orthostatic, other triggered, external vertigo, oscillopsia, visual lag, visual tilt, movement induced blur, unsteadiness, directional pulsion, balance related near fall, balance related fall, spinning, non-spinning

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics

Open Access: Yes


van de Berg, R., & Kingma, H. (2021). History Taking in Non-Acute Vestibular Symptoms: A 4-Step Approach. Journal of clinical medicine, 10(24), 5726. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10245726

Link
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8703413/pdf/jcm-10-05726.pdf

Description
This article describes how to perform structured history taking in patients with non-acute vestibular symptoms

Keywords
history taking, vestibular symptoms, triggers, timing, titrate, discohat, so stoned, vestibular syndromes, 4-step approach, acute vestibular syndrome, episodic vestibular syndrome, chronic vestibular syndrome, overlap, accompanying symptoms, differential diagnosis, differential diagnoses

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  - 
NA NA NA NA 4 4 4 4

Open Access: Yes


Wuyts, F. L., Van Rompaey, V., & Maes, L. K. (2016). "SO STONED": Common Sense Approach of the Dizzy Patient. Frontiers in surgery, 3, 32. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsurg.2016.00032

Link
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4887462/pdf/fsurg-03-00032.pdf

Description
This article describes the SO STONED mnemonic, to capture vestibular symptoms and their accompanying symptoms

Keywords
history taking, vestibular symptoms, triggers, timing, so stoned, vestibular syndromes, accompanying symptoms, differential diagnosis, differential diagnoses, otological symptoms, neurological symptoms, evolution, duration

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics

Open Access: Yes


van de Berg, R., & Kingma, H. (2021). History Taking in Non-Acute Vestibular Symptoms: A 4-Step Approach. Journal of clinical medicine, 10(24), 5726. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10245726

Link
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8703413/pdf/jcm-10-05726.pdf

Description
This article describes how to perform structured history taking in patients with non-acute vestibular symptoms

Keywords
history taking, vestibular symptoms, triggers, timing, titrate, discohat, so stoned, vestibular syndromes, 4-step approach, acute vestibular syndrome, episodic vestibular syndrome, chronic vestibular syndrome, overlap, accompanying symptoms, differential diagnosis, differential diagnoses

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics

Open Access: Yes


Newman-Toker, D. E., & Edlow, J. A. (2015). TiTrATE: A Novel, Evidence-Based Approach to Diagnosing Acute Dizziness and Vertigo. Neurologic clinics, 33(3), 577–viii. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ncl.2015.04.011

Link
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4522574/pdf/nihms705071.pdf

Description
This article describes how to classify symptoms into vestibular syndromes, by focusing on timing and triggers

Keywords
history taking, vestibular symptoms, triggers, timing, titrate, vestibular syndromes, acute vestibular syndrome, episodic vestibular syndrome, chronic vestibular syndrome, differential diagnosis, differential diagnoses, dizziness, presyncope, syncope, vertigo, unsteadiness, targeted examination

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  - 
4 4 4 3 NA NA NA NA

Open Access: Yes


van de Berg, R., & Kingma, H. (2021). History Taking in Non-Acute Vestibular Symptoms: A 4-Step Approach. Journal of clinical medicine, 10(24), 5726. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10245726

Link
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8703413/pdf/jcm-10-05726.pdf

Description
This article describes how to perform structured history taking in patients with non-acute vestibular symptoms

Keywords
history taking, vestibular symptoms, triggers, timing, titrate, discohat, so stoned, vestibular syndromes, 4-step approach, acute vestibular syndrome, episodic vestibular syndrome, chronic vestibular syndrome, overlap, accompanying symptoms, differential diagnosis, differential diagnoses

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  - 
NA NA NA NA 4 4 4 3

Open Access: Yes


van de Berg, R., & Kingma, H. (2021). History Taking in Non-Acute Vestibular Symptoms: A 4-Step Approach. Journal of clinical medicine, 10(24), 5726. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10245726

Link
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8703413/pdf/jcm-10-05726.pdf

Description
This article describes how to perform structured history taking in patients with non-acute vestibular symptoms

Keywords
history taking, vestibular symptoms, triggers, timing, titrate, discohat, so stoned, vestibular syndromes, 4-step approach, acute vestibular syndrome, episodic vestibular syndrome, chronic vestibular syndrome, overlap, accompanying symptoms, differential diagnosis, differential diagnoses

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics

Open Access: Yes


Wuyts, F. L., Van Rompaey, V., & Maes, L. K. (2016). "SO STONED": Common Sense Approach of the Dizzy Patient. Frontiers in surgery, 3, 32. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsurg.2016.00032

Link
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4887462/pdf/fsurg-03-00032.pdf

Description
This article describes the SO STONED mnemonic, to capture vestibular symptoms and their accompanying symptoms

Keywords
history taking, vestibular symptoms, triggers, timing, so stoned, vestibular syndromes, accompanying symptoms, differential diagnosis, differential diagnoses, otological symptoms, neurological symptoms, evolution, duration

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  - 
NA NA NA NA 4 4 4 3

Open Access: Yes


van de Berg, R., & Kingma, H. (2021). History Taking in Non-Acute Vestibular Symptoms: A 4-Step Approach. Journal of clinical medicine, 10(24), 5726. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10245726

Link
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8703413/pdf/jcm-10-05726.pdf

Description
This article describes how to perform structured history taking in patients with non-acute vestibular symptoms

Keywords
history taking, vestibular symptoms, triggers, timing, titrate, discohat, so stoned, vestibular syndromes, 4-step approach, acute vestibular syndrome, episodic vestibular syndrome, chronic vestibular syndrome, overlap, accompanying symptoms, differential diagnosis, differential diagnoses

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics

Open Access: Yes


Wuyts, F. L., Van Rompaey, V., & Maes, L. K. (2016). "SO STONED": Common Sense Approach of the Dizzy Patient. Frontiers in surgery, 3, 32. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsurg.2016.00032

Link
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4887462/pdf/fsurg-03-00032.pdf

Description
This article describes the SO STONED mnemonic, to capture vestibular symptoms and their accompanying symptoms

Keywords
history taking, vestibular symptoms, triggers, timing, so stoned, vestibular syndromes, accompanying symptoms, differential diagnosis, differential diagnoses, otological symptoms, neurological symptoms, evolution, duration

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  Understanding the relationship and dynamic interaction between health condition and contextual factors (i.e. environmental and personal factors), according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (World Health Organization)
3 3 3 3 NA NA NA NA
-  -  To be aware that there is no simple relationship between symptomatology, test result and degree of handicap
4 4 4 3 NA NA NA NA
d. Bedside examination
-  CLINICAL EXAMINATION SKILLS
-  -  Clinical examination of postural stability and gait
-  -  -  Romberg
4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4
-  -  -  Romberg/tandem
4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4
-  -  -  Tandem gait
4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4
-  -  -  Push test
4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4
-  -  -  Slow and fast gait
4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4
-  -  -  Turning
4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4
-  -  Clinical oculomotor examination
-  -  -  Alignment in primary gaze
4 3 4 2 4 4 4 2
-  -  -  Monocular occlusion (congenital latent nystagmus)
4 3 4 1 4 4 4 1
-  -  -  Cover / Uncover test
4 3 4 2 4 4 4 2
-  -  -  Alternating-cover test
4 3 4 2 4 4 4 2
-  -  -  Gaze and ocular motility in all cardinal directions
4 3 4 2 4 4 4 2
-  -  -  Pursuit
4 3 4 3 4 4 4 4
-  -  -  Vergence
4 2 4 2 4 4 4 3
-  -  -  Saccades horizontal/vertical
4 2 4 2 4 4 4 3
-  -  -  Head impulse test for lateral semicircular canal
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
-  -  -  Visual-vestibulo-ocular reflex (VVOR)
3 2 3 2 4 4 4 3
-  -  -  Head tilt and ocular torsion
3 3 3 1 4 4 4 1
-  -  -  Fixation removal (video or Frenzel goggles):
-  -  -  Visual suppression VOR
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
-  -  -  -  Center and eccentric gaze
4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3
-  -  -  -  Visual suppression VOR
4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3
-  -  -  - 
3 4 4 2 3 4 4 2

Open Access: Yes


Castellucci, A., Botti, C., Bettini, M., Fernandez, I. J., Malara, P., Martellucci, S., Crocetta, F. M., Fornaciari, M., Lusetti, F., Renna, L., Bianchin, G., Armato, E., & Ghidini, A. (2021). Case Report: Could Hennebert’s Sign Be Evoked Despite Global Vestibular Impairment on Video Head Impulse Test? Considerations Upon Pathomechanisms Underlying Pressure-Induced Nystagmus due to Labyrinthine Fistula. Frontiers in Neurology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.634782

Link
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neurology/articles/10.3389/fneur.2021.634782/full

Description
This article provides a comprehensive overview of Hennebert's sign due to labyrinthine fistula

Keywords
fistula, perilymphatic, pressure, tragal compression, Hennebert, fistula sign, pressure-induced nystagmus

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  -  -  Valsalva (nose pinch and glottic)
3 4 4 2 3 4 4 2
-  -  -  -  Mastoid/skull vibration
3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4
-  -  -  -  Head shaking
3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4
-  -  -  -  Hyperventilation
3 3 3 2 4 4 4 2
-  -  Positional testing
-  -  -  Dix Hallpike maneuver (right and left hanging head position)
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
-  -  -  Supine roll test
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
-  -  -  Bow and lean test
3 3 3 4 3 3 3 4
-  -  -  Diagnosing benign positional nystagmus variants
NA NA NA NA 4 4 4 4
-  -  -  Diagnosing central positional nystagmus
NA NA NA NA 4 4 4 3
-  -  Neuro-ophthalmological examination
-  -  -  Pupillary examination (pupillary reaction, swinging light test, convergence)
4 3 4 1 4 4 4 1
-  -  -  SVV testing (e.g. bucket test)
3 2 4 3 3 3 3 4
-  -  -  Ophthalmoscopy with occlusion of non-examined eye
2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1
-  -  -  Optokinetic nystagmus
3 2 3 2 3 3 3 2
-  -  -  Maddox Rod (incl. Skew vs oblique paresis)
2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1
-  -  -  Use of prisms
2 1 2 NA 1 1 1 NA
-  -  Auditory testing
-  -  -  Examination of the external ear (including shape (microtia, atresia, lop, etc.), pre-auricular pits)
2 4 4 1 4 4 4 1
-  -  -  Otoscopy
2 4 3 NA 2 4 3 NA
-  -  -  Weber and Rinne test
2 4 4 2 3 4 4 2
-  -  Other
-  -  -  Testing for orthostatic hypotension (lying down, 1min and 3mins after standing up: Schellong test)
3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4
-  -  -  Blood pressure measurement of the two arms
3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4
-  -  -  Facial nerve evaluation
4 4 3 2 4 4 3 2
-  -  Pediatric aspects of clinical examination skills
-  -  -  Awareness of age-related adaptation of clinical examination (e.g. use a game for testing)
2 3 4 3 NA NA NA NA
-  FINDINGS OF CLINICAL EXAMINATION
-  -  Oculomotor signs
-  -  -  Third, fourth and sixth cranial nerve palsies
4 2 4 2 3 2 3 3
-  -  -  Skew deviation and ocular tilt reaction
3 3 3 2 4 4 4 4
-  -  -  Internuclear ophthalmoplegia
3 2 3 3 4 2 4 4
-  -  -  One and a half syndrome
3 2 3 1 4 2 4 1
-  -  -  Convergence insufficiency
3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3
-  -  -  Decompensation of phorias
3 2 3 2 2 1 2 2
-  -  -  Spasm of the near triad
3 2 2 1 2 1 2 1
-  -  -  Limitations of ductions (including thyroid eye disease, congenital fibrosis of extra-ocular muscles)
3 2 2 1 3 2 3 1
-  -  -  Congenital miswiring syndromes (Duane’s syndrome, Moebius syndrome)
3 2 2 NA 3 2 3 NA
-  -  -  Supranuclear palsies
3 2 2 1 4 2 4 1
-  -  -  Ocular motor apraxia
3 2 2 1 3 2 3 1
-  -  -  Monocular elevation paralysis
3 2 2 1 3 2 3 1
-  -  Nystagmus and disorders of ocular stability
-  -  -  Nystagmus trajectory: reference frames, planes and directions
-  -  -  - 
4 4 4 2 NA NA NA NA

Open Access: Yes


Eggers, S. D., Bisdorff, A., Von Brevern, M., Zee, D. S., Kim, J., Perez-Fernandez, N., Welgampola, M. S., Della Santina, C. C., & Newman-Toker, D. E. (2019). Classification of vestibular signs and examination techniques: Nystagmus and nystagmus-like movements. Journal of Vestibular Research, 29(2–3), 57–87. https://doi.org/10.3233/ves-190658

Link
https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves190658

Description
This article presents a classification and definitions for types of nystagmus and other oscillatory eye movements

Keywords
nystagmus, upbeat, downbeat, torsional, end-point, optokinetic, magnetic, spontaneous, recovery, direction-fixed, periodic alternating, latent, infantile, oculopalatal, oculomasticatory, seesaw, epileptic, pursuit-paretic, gaze-evoked, gaze, gaze holding, degree, rebound, centripetal, positional, headshaking, cross-coupled, sound-induced, valsalva, pressure, vibration, hyperventilation, pursuit, saccadic intrusion, osscilation, square-wave jerks, macrosaccadic, opsoclonus, convergence-retraction, bobbing, myokymia, superior oblique, ping-pong, gaze, pendular, physiologic

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  -  - 
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

Open Access: Yes


Eggers, S. D., Bisdorff, A., Von Brevern, M., Zee, D. S., Kim, J., Perez-Fernandez, N., Welgampola, M. S., Della Santina, C. C., & Newman-Toker, D. E. (2019). Classification of vestibular signs and examination techniques: Nystagmus and nystagmus-like movements. Journal of Vestibular Research, 29(2–3), 57–87. https://doi.org/10.3233/ves-190658

Link
https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves190658

Description
This article presents a classification and definitions for types of nystagmus and other oscillatory eye movements

Keywords
nystagmus, upbeat, downbeat, torsional, end-point, optokinetic, magnetic, spontaneous, recovery, direction-fixed, periodic alternating, latent, infantile, oculopalatal, oculomasticatory, seesaw, epileptic, pursuit-paretic, gaze-evoked, gaze, gaze holding, degree, rebound, centripetal, positional, headshaking, cross-coupled, sound-induced, valsalva, pressure, vibration, hyperventilation, pursuit, saccadic intrusion, osscilation, square-wave jerks, macrosaccadic, opsoclonus, convergence-retraction, bobbing, myokymia, superior oblique, ping-pong, gaze, pendular, physiologic

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  -  - 
4 4 4 2 4 4 4 2

Open Access: Yes


Eggers, S. D., Bisdorff, A., Von Brevern, M., Zee, D. S., Kim, J., Perez-Fernandez, N., Welgampola, M. S., Della Santina, C. C., & Newman-Toker, D. E. (2019). Classification of vestibular signs and examination techniques: Nystagmus and nystagmus-like movements. Journal of Vestibular Research, 29(2–3), 57–87. https://doi.org/10.3233/ves-190658

Link
https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves190658

Description
This article presents a classification and definitions for types of nystagmus and other oscillatory eye movements

Keywords
nystagmus, upbeat, downbeat, torsional, end-point, optokinetic, magnetic, spontaneous, recovery, direction-fixed, periodic alternating, latent, infantile, oculopalatal, oculomasticatory, seesaw, epileptic, pursuit-paretic, gaze-evoked, gaze, gaze holding, degree, rebound, centripetal, positional, headshaking, cross-coupled, sound-induced, valsalva, pressure, vibration, hyperventilation, pursuit, saccadic intrusion, osscilation, square-wave jerks, macrosaccadic, opsoclonus, convergence-retraction, bobbing, myokymia, superior oblique, ping-pong, gaze, pendular, physiologic

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  -  - 
4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3

Open Access: Yes


Eggers, S. D., Bisdorff, A., Von Brevern, M., Zee, D. S., Kim, J., Perez-Fernandez, N., Welgampola, M. S., Della Santina, C. C., & Newman-Toker, D. E. (2019). Classification of vestibular signs and examination techniques: Nystagmus and nystagmus-like movements. Journal of Vestibular Research, 29(2–3), 57–87. https://doi.org/10.3233/ves-190658

Link
https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves190658

Description
This article presents a classification and definitions for types of nystagmus and other oscillatory eye movements

Keywords
nystagmus, upbeat, downbeat, torsional, end-point, optokinetic, magnetic, spontaneous, recovery, direction-fixed, periodic alternating, latent, infantile, oculopalatal, oculomasticatory, seesaw, epileptic, pursuit-paretic, gaze-evoked, gaze, gaze holding, degree, rebound, centripetal, positional, headshaking, cross-coupled, sound-induced, valsalva, pressure, vibration, hyperventilation, pursuit, saccadic intrusion, osscilation, square-wave jerks, macrosaccadic, opsoclonus, convergence-retraction, bobbing, myokymia, superior oblique, ping-pong, gaze, pendular, physiologic

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  -  Attributes of nystagmus
-  -  -  - 
4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4

Open Access: Yes


Eggers, S. D., Bisdorff, A., Von Brevern, M., Zee, D. S., Kim, J., Perez-Fernandez, N., Welgampola, M. S., Della Santina, C. C., & Newman-Toker, D. E. (2019). Classification of vestibular signs and examination techniques: Nystagmus and nystagmus-like movements. Journal of Vestibular Research, 29(2–3), 57–87. https://doi.org/10.3233/ves-190658

Link
https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves190658

Description
This article presents a classification and definitions for types of nystagmus and other oscillatory eye movements

Keywords
nystagmus, upbeat, downbeat, torsional, end-point, optokinetic, magnetic, spontaneous, recovery, direction-fixed, periodic alternating, latent, infantile, oculopalatal, oculomasticatory, seesaw, epileptic, pursuit-paretic, gaze-evoked, gaze, gaze holding, degree, rebound, centripetal, positional, headshaking, cross-coupled, sound-induced, valsalva, pressure, vibration, hyperventilation, pursuit, saccadic intrusion, osscilation, square-wave jerks, macrosaccadic, opsoclonus, convergence-retraction, bobbing, myokymia, superior oblique, ping-pong, gaze, pendular, physiologic

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  -  -  Binocularity
4 4 4 1 4 4 4 1
-  -  -  -  Conjugacy (conjugate, disconjugate)
4 4 4 1 4 4 4 1
-  -  -  -  Velocity
4 4 4 2 4 4 4 2
-  -  -  -  Waveform (jerk, pendular)
4 4 4 2 4 4 4 3
-  -  -  -  Frequency
4 4 4 2 4 4 4 2
-  -  -  -  Amplitude
4 4 4 2 4 4 4 2
-  -  -  -  Intensity
4 4 4 2 4 4 4 2
-  -  -  -  Temporal profile (continuous, intermittent)
4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3
-  -  -  -  Age of first appearance (congenital, infantile)
3 3 4 2 NA NA NA NA
-  -  -  PHYSIOLOGIC NYSTAGMUS
-  -  -  -  Physiologic end-point nystagmus
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
-  -  -  -  Per-rotational nystagmus
4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3
-  -  -  -  Post-rotational nystagmus
4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3
-  -  -  -  Optokinetic nystagmus
4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3
-  -  -  -  Optokinetic after-nystagmus
3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2
-  -  -  -  Caloric nystagmus
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
-  -  -  -  Magnetic vestibular stimulation (MVS)-induced nystagmus
2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1
PATHOLOGIC NYSTAGMUS
-  -  -  -  Spontaneous nystagmus
-  -  -  -  -  Spontaneous peripheral vestibular nystagmus
-  -  -  -  -  Spontaneous peripheral vestibular nystagmus, inhibitory type
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
-  -  -  -  -  Spontaneous peripheral vestibular nystagmus, excitatory type
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
-  -  -  -  -  Recovery nystagmus
4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3
-  -  -  -  -  Spontaneous central vestibular nystagmus
-  -  -  -  Gaze-evoked nystagmus
-  -  -  -  -  Predominantly horizontal central vestibular nystagmus
-  -  -  -  -  Gaze-holding nystagmus (unilateral, bilateral, vertical)
3 3 3 3 4 4 4 3
-  -  -  -  -  Direction-fixed horizontal central vestibular nystagmus
4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3
-  -  -  -  -  First degree vestibular nystagmus
3 3 3 3 4 4 4 3
-  -  -  -  -  Periodic alternating nystagmus
4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3
-  -  -  -  -  Vestibular plus gaze-holding nystagmus
3 3 3 2 4 4 4 2
-  -  -  -  -  Latent nystagmus
4 3 4 2 4 3 4 2
-  -  -  -  -  Rebound nystagmus
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
-  -  -  -  -  Centripetal nystagmus
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
-  -  -  -  Triggered nystagmus
-  -  -  -  -  Predominantly vertical or torsional central vestibular nystagmus
-  -  -  -  -  Downbeat nystagmus
4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3
-  -  -  -  -  Upbeat nystagmus
4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3
-  -  -  -  -  Torsional nystagmus
4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3
-  -  -  -  -  Other spontaneous central nystagmus forms
-  -  -  -  -  Positional nystagmus
-  -  -  -  -  Infantile nystagmus
3 3 4 2 3 3 3 2
-  -  -  -  -  Benign paroxysmal positional nystagmus (BPPN)
-  -  -  -  -  Posterior semicircular canal BPPN
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Horizontal semicircular canal BPPN
4 4 4 4 3 3 3 4
-  -  -  -  -  Pseudo-spontaneous nystagmus
-  -  -  -  -  Anterior semicircular canal BPPN
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
-  -  -  -  -  Other forms of peripheral positional nystagmus
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
-  -  -  -  -  Central positional nystagmus
4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3
-  -  -  -  -  Headshaking-induced nystagmus
3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4
-  -  -  -  -  Acquired pendular nystagmus
-  -  -  -  -  Oculopalatal tremor
3 3 3 2 3 3 3 2
-  -  -  -  -  Oculomasticatory myorhythmia
3 3 3 1 3 3 3 1
-  -  -  -  -  Cross-coupled nystagmus
3 3 3 3 4 4 4 3
-  -  -  -  -  Seesaw nystagmus
3 3 3 2 3 3 3 2
-  -  -  -  -  Sound-induced nystagmus
3 4 4 3 3 4 4 3
-  -  -  -  -  Epileptic nystagmus
3 3 3 1 3 2 2 1
-  -  -  -  -  Valsalva-induced nystagmus
3 4 4 3 3 4 4 3
-  -  -  -  -  Pursuit-paretic nystagmus
3 3 3 1 3 2 2 1
-  -  -  -  -  Pressure-induced nystagmus
3 4 4 3 3 4 4 3
-  -  -  -  -  Vibration-induced nystagmus
3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4
-  -  -  -  -  Hyperventilation-induced nystagmus
3 3 3 3 4 4 4 3
-  -  -  -  -  Pursuit-induced nystagmus
3 2 3 2 3 3 3 2
-  -  -  NYSTAGMUS-LIKE MOVEMENTS
-  -  -  -  Saccadic intrusions and oscillations
-  -  -  -  -  Square-wave jerks
3 3 3 3 4 4 4 3
-  -  -  -  -  Macrosaccadic oscillations
3 2 3 2 4 4 4 2
-  -  -  -  -  Saccadic pulses
3 2 3 2 3 2 2 2
-  -  -  -  -  Ocular flutter
4 3 4 2 3 3 3 2
-  -  -  -  -  Opsoclonus
4 3 4 2 4 4 4 2
-  -  -  -  -  Voluntary saccadic oscillations
3 3 3 2 3 3 3 2
-  -  -  -  Other nystagmus-like movements
-  -  -  -  -  Convergence-retraction nystagmus
3 2 3 1 3 2 2 1
-  -  -  -  -  Ocular oscillations in spasmus nutans
3 2 3 1 2 2 2 1
-  -  -  -  -  Ocular bobbing and its variants
3 2 3 1 3 2 2 1
-  -  -  -  -  Superior oblique myokymia
3 2 3 1 2 2 2 1
-  -  -  -  -  Ping-pong gaze
2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1
-  -  -  -  -  Pendular pseudonystagmus
3 2 3 1 3 1 1 1
-  -  Identify gait and movement patterns
-  -  -  Cautious
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
-  -  -  Cerebellar ataxia
4 3 3 4 4 2 3 4
-  -  -  Spastic ataxic
4 2 3 4 4 1 3 4
-  -  -  Extrapyramidal pattern
4 2 3 4 4 1 3 4
-  -  -  Neuro-muscular pattern
4 2 3 4 4 1 3 4
-  -  -  Apraxic pattern
4 2 3 4 4 1 3 4
-  -  -  Stepping
4 2 3 4 4 1 3 4
-  -  -  Pusher syndrome
4 2 3 4 4 2 3 4
-  -  -  Sensory / proprioceptive loss
4 2 3 4 4 2 3 4
-  -  -  Functional
4 3 3 4 4 2 3 4
-  -  Pediatric aspects of clinical examination findings
-  -  -  Motor developmental delay
2 2 4 4 2 2 2 4
e. Ancillary testing
-  VOG/EOG/EYE MOVEMENT RECORDING (incl. Interpretation)
-  - 
-  -  -  To be aware that for many vestibular disorders no vestibular test is part of the diagnostic criteria
4 4 4 2 NA NA NA NA
-  -  Video-oculography and electro-oculography
-  -  -  Primary gaze and eccentric gaze with and without fixation
4 3 4 2 3 3 4 2
-  -  -  Smooth pursuit
4 3 4 2 3 3 4 2
-  -  - 
4 2 4 2 3 3 4 2
-  -  -  Optokinetic nystagmus
3 2 3 2 3 3 4 2
-  -  -  Rotatory chair:
-  -  -  -  Torsion swing (gain&phase)
4 4 4 1 3 3 4 1
-  -  -  -  Velocity step (gain and TC)
4 4 4 1 3 3 4 1
-  -  -  Visual suppression of VOR
4 4 4 2 3 3 4 2
-  -  -  Positional testing
4 4 4 2 4 4 4 2
-  -  -  Bithermal caloric testing
3 3 4 2 2 3 4 2
-  -  VHIT
-  -  - 
4 4 4 2 4 4 4 2

Open Access: Yes

Link
https://novel.utah.edu/barany-society-vestibular-medicine-curriculum/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/The-Video-Head-Impulse-test-Instructional-video.mp4

Description
This video explains the principles of the video head impulse test and how to perform it (basic level)

Keywords
video head impulse test, head impulse test, catch-up saccade, overt saccade, covert saccade, horizontal canal, lateral canal, video head impulse test, vhit, hit, gain, video goggles, synapsis, interacoustics, otometrics, head thrust

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics

Open Access: Yes


Mantokoudis, G., Tehrani, A. S. S., Kattah, J. C., Eibenberger, K., Guede, C. I., Zee, D. S., & Newman-Toker, D. E. (2014). Quantifying the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex with Video-Oculography: Nature and Frequency of Artifacts. Audiology and Neurotology, 20(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1159/000362780

Link
https://karger.com/aud/article-abstract/20/1/39/44042/Quantifying-the-Vestibulo-Ocular-Reflex-with-Video?redirectedFrom=fulltext

Description
This article provides a detailed insight into artifacts which are encountered during VHIT testing (basic level)

Keywords
video head impulse test, head impulse test, catch-up saccade, overt saccade, covert saccade, horizontal canal, lateral canal, video head impulse test, vhit, hit, gain, video goggles, synapsis, interacoustics, otometrics, head thrust, VOR gain, artifacts

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics

Open Access: Yes


Curthoys, I. S., McGarvie, L. A., MacDougall, H. G., Burgess, A. M., Halmagyi, G. M., Rey-Martinez, J., & Dlugaiczyk, J. (2023). A review of the geometrical basis and the principles underlying the use and interpretation of the video head impulse test (vHIT) in clinical vestibular testing. Frontiers in Neurology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2023.1147253

Link
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neurology/articles/10.3389/fneur.2023.1147253/full

Description
This article provides a detailed insight into the principles of VHIT, and it provides tips and tricks for testing (expert level)

Keywords
video head impulse test, head impulse test, catch-up saccade, overt saccade, covert saccade, horizontal canal, lateral canal, video head impulse test, vhit, hit, gain, video goggles, synapsis, interacoustics, otometrics, head thrust, VOR gain

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  - 
3 3 3 2 3 3 3 2

Open Access: Yes


Mantokoudis, G., Tehrani, A. S. S., Kattah, J. C., Eibenberger, K., Guede, C. I., Zee, D. S., & Newman-Toker, D. E. (2014). Quantifying the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex with Video-Oculography: Nature and Frequency of Artifacts. Audiology and Neurotology, 20(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1159/000362780

Link
https://karger.com/aud/article-abstract/20/1/39/44042/Quantifying-the-Vestibulo-Ocular-Reflex-with-Video?redirectedFrom=fulltext

Description
This article provides a detailed insight into artifacts which are encountered during VHIT testing (basic level)

Keywords
video head impulse test, head impulse test, catch-up saccade, overt saccade, covert saccade, horizontal canal, lateral canal, video head impulse test, vhit, hit, gain, video goggles, synapsis, interacoustics, otometrics, head thrust, VOR gain, artifacts

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics

Open Access: Yes


Curthoys, I. S., McGarvie, L. A., MacDougall, H. G., Burgess, A. M., Halmagyi, G. M., Rey-Martinez, J., & Dlugaiczyk, J. (2023). A review of the geometrical basis and the principles underlying the use and interpretation of the video head impulse test (vHIT) in clinical vestibular testing. Frontiers in Neurology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2023.1147253

Link
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neurology/articles/10.3389/fneur.2023.1147253/full

Description
This article provides a detailed insight into the principles of VHIT, and it provides tips and tricks for testing (expert level)

Keywords
video head impulse test, head impulse test, catch-up saccade, overt saccade, covert saccade, horizontal canal, lateral canal, video head impulse test, vhit, hit, gain, video goggles, synapsis, interacoustics, otometrics, head thrust, VOR gain

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  Audiology
-  -  -  Pure Tone Audiometry
2 3 4 2 1 3 4 2
-  -  -  Speech Audiometry (incl. Roll-over effect, word recognition score)
2 3 4 1 1 2 4 1
-  -  -  Tympanogram
1 3 3 1 1 3 4 1
-  -  -  Auditory evoked potentials
3 3 4 1 2 1 4 1
-  -  -  Otoacoustic emissions (incl. auditory neuropathy)
1 3 4 1 1 2 4 1
-  -  VEMPS
-  -  -  cVEMP
3 3 4 2 2 2 4 2
-  -  -  oVEMP
3 3 4 2 2 2 4 2
-  -  Imaging
-  -  -  Thin Section CT scan of the temporal bone in three dimensions/canal planes
2 4 3 2 1 1 1 1
-  -  -  MRI (parenchyma, vascular, demyelination, pontocerebellar angle)
3 2 3 2 1 1 1 1
-  -  -  Vascular Imaging (intracranial and extracranial)
3 2 3 2 1 1 1 1
-  -  Methods, not so widely available, only on special indication (diagnosis and/or research)
-  -  -  Subjective Visual Vertical
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
-  -  -  Fundus photography for ocular torsion
2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1
-  -  - 
2 3 3 3 2 2 2 3

Open Access: Yes


Starkov D, Snelders M, Lucieer F, Janssen AML, Pleshkov M, Kingma H, van Rompaey V, Herssens N, Hallemans A, Vereeck L, McCrum C, Meijer K, Guinand N, Perez-Fornos A, van de Berg R. Bilateral vestibulopathy and age: experimental considerations for testing dynamic visual acuity on a treadmill. J Neurol. 2020 Dec;267(Suppl 1):265-272. doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-10249-z. Epub 2020 Oct 28. PMID: 33113022; PMCID: PMC7718189.

Link
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00415-020-10249-z

Description
instrumented DVA

Keywords
head impulse test, catch-up saccade, overt saccade, covert saccade, horizontal canal, lateral canal, video head impulse test, vhit, hit, head thrust, bedside

Topics
-  -  -  Functional head impulse test
2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1
-  -  -  Scleral coil technique
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
-  -  -  Posturography (as a measure of postural performance)
-  -  -  -  Static posturography
2 2 2 4 2 2 2 4
-  -  -  -  Dynamic posturography
2 2 2 4 2 2 2 4
-  -  -  Hydrops imaging
2 3 3 1 1 1 1 1
-  -  -  Functional imaging
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
-  -  -  Artificial intelligence and imaging
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
-  -  -  eCoch
1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1
-  -  Pediatric aspects of ancillary tests
-  -  -  Off-center rotation and off-axis rotation
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
-  -  -  Age-related adaptation of ancillary testing
2 2 3 2 2 2 3 2
-  -  -  Chair for positional testing
2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2
-  -  -  Tilt test
2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1
f. Disorders and diseases
-  DISORDERS AND DISEASES
-  -  Epidemiology
-  -  -  Epidemiology of vestibular syndromes, disorders and diseases
3 3 3 3
-  -  The main vestibular syndromes
-  -  -  Acute vestibular syndrome (AVS)
4 4 4 3
-  -  -  Episodic vestibular syndrome
4 4 4 3
-  -  -  Chronic vestibular syndrome
4 4 4 3
-  -  Acute vestibular syndromes: differential diagnoses
-  -  -  Infectious / inflammatory
-  -  -  - 
4 4 4 3

Open Access: Yes


Strupp, M., Bisdorff, A., Furman, J., Hornibrook, J., Jahn, K., Maire, R., Newman-Toker, D., & Magnusson, M. (2022). Acute unilateral vestibulopathy/vestibular neuritis: Diagnostic criteria. Journal of Vestibular Research, 32(5), 389–406. https://doi.org/10.3233/ves-220201

Link
https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves220201

Description
This article describes the diagnostic criteria for Acute Unilateral Vestibulopathy/Vestibular Neuritis

Keywords
diagnosis, diagnostic, criteria, acute, vertigo, neuritis, unilateral, vestibulopathy, unsteadiness, hemorrhage, neurology, neurological, hemiparesis, sensory loss, dysarthria, dysphagia, truncal ataxia, ataxia, postural instability, central, oculomotor abnormalities, impaired smooth pursuit, vascular, ABCD2 score, spontaneous, dizziness, focal, HINTS, gaze-evoked, skew deviation,vertebrobasilar, stroke, TIA, infarct, ocular tilt reaction, OTR, VOR, vestibulo-ocular reflex, HIT, head impulse, head thrust, vestibulopathy, vestibular loss, hypofunction, areflexia

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  -  -  Labyrinthitis
-  -  -  -  - 
3 4 4 3

Open Access: Yes


Strupp, M., Bisdorff, A., Furman, J., Hornibrook, J., Jahn, K., Maire, R., Newman-Toker, D., & Magnusson, M. (2022). Acute unilateral vestibulopathy/vestibular neuritis: Diagnostic criteria. Journal of Vestibular Research, 32(5), 389–406. https://doi.org/10.3233/ves-220201

Link
https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves220201

Description
This article describes the diagnostic criteria for Acute Unilateral Vestibulopathy/Vestibular Neuritis

Keywords
diagnosis, diagnostic, criteria, acute, vertigo, neuritis, unilateral, vestibulopathy, unsteadiness, hemorrhage, neurology, neurological, hemiparesis, sensory loss, dysarthria, dysphagia, truncal ataxia, ataxia, postural instability, central, oculomotor abnormalities, impaired smooth pursuit, vascular, ABCD2 score, spontaneous, dizziness, focal, HINTS, gaze-evoked, skew deviation,vertebrobasilar, stroke, TIA, infarct, ocular tilt reaction, OTR, VOR, vestibulo-ocular reflex, HIT, head impulse, head thrust, vestibulopathy, vestibular loss, hypofunction, areflexia

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics

Open Access: Yes


Van Stiphout, L., Szmulewicz, D. J., Guinand, N., Fornos, A. P., Van Rompaey, V., & Van De Berg, R. (2023). Bilateral vestibulopathy: a clinical update and proposed diagnostic algorithm. Frontiers in Neurology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2023.1308485

Link
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neurology/articles/10.3389/fneur.2023.1308485/full

Description
This article provides a diagnostic algorithm for patients with bilateral vestibulopathy

Keywords
bilateral, bilateral vestibulopathy, vestibular loss, vestibular areflexia, vestibular hypofunction, diagnosis, diagnostic algorithm

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  -  -  -  Complications of otitis media and mastoiditis (incl. cerebral abcess and empyema)
2 4 3 1
-  -  -  -  Varicella-zoster infection (Ramsey-Hunt syndrome)
4 4 4 3
-  -  -  -  Vestibular manifestations of acute meningitis
4 4 4 1
-  -  -  -  Autoimmune: Bickerstaff Encephalitis
3 2 2 1
-  -  -  -  Peripheral neuropathies including Guillain Barré syndrome
4 2 2 2
-  -  -  -  Rhombencephalitis: including listeria, Whipple’s, herpes
3 2 2 NA
-  -  -  -  Demyelinating diseases (including multiple sclerosis)
4 2 2 3
-  -  -  -  Paraneoplastic
3 2 2 2
-  -  -  -  Infectious and Granulomatous lesions of VII and VIII cranial nerves and brainstem
4 3 2 NA
-  -  -  Vascular: inner ear and posterior fossa
-  -  -  - 
4 3 3 2

Open Access: Yes


Kim, J., Newman-Toker, D. E., Kerber, K. A., Jahn, K., Bertholon, P., Waterston, J., Lee, H., Bisdorff, A., & Strupp, M. (2022). Vascular vertigo and dizziness: Diagnostic criteria. Journal of Vestibular Research, 32(3), 205–222. https://doi.org/10.3233/ves-210169

Link
https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves210169

Description
This article describes the diagnostic criteria for Vascular Vertigo

Keywords
diagnosis, diagnostic, criteria, acute, episodic, vertigo, unsteadiness, hemorrhage, neurology, neurological, hemiparesis, sensory loss, dysarthria, dysphagia, truncal ataxia, ataxia, postural instability, central, oculomotor abnormalities, impaired smooth pursuit, vascular, ABCD2 score, spontaneous, dizziness, focal, HINTS, gaze-evoked, skew deviation, risk factor, cervical pain, vertebrobasilar, stroke, TIA, infarct, ocular tilt reaction, OTR

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  -  - 
3 2 3 NA

Open Access: Yes


Kim, J., Newman-Toker, D. E., Kerber, K. A., Jahn, K., Bertholon, P., Waterston, J., Lee, H., Bisdorff, A., & Strupp, M. (2022). Vascular vertigo and dizziness: Diagnostic criteria. Journal of Vestibular Research, 32(3), 205–222. https://doi.org/10.3233/ves-210169

Link
https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves210169

Description
This article describes the diagnostic criteria for Vascular Vertigo

Keywords
diagnosis, diagnostic, criteria, acute, episodic, vertigo, unsteadiness, hemorrhage, neurology, neurological, hemiparesis, sensory loss, dysarthria, dysphagia, truncal ataxia, ataxia, postural instability, central, oculomotor abnormalities, impaired smooth pursuit, vascular, ABCD2 score, spontaneous, dizziness, focal, HINTS, gaze-evoked, skew deviation, risk factor, cervical pain, vertebrobasilar, stroke, TIA, infarct, ocular tilt reaction, OTR

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  -  -  Malignant hypertension
3 2 3 NA
-  -  -  Trauma
-  -  -  -  Head trauma (including skull base fracture, concussion, etc.)
4 4 4 2
-  -  -  Intoxication
-  -  -  -  Ototoxic drugs (Aminoglycosides, Minocycline, Aspirin/ Naproxen, loop-diuretics, cisplatin, other)
3 4 4 3
-  -  -  -  Cinchonism
2 2 2 NA
-  -  -  -  Anticonvulsants: Barbiturates, phenytoin, carbamazepine
4 2 3 2
-  -  -  -  Heavy metals (aluminium, arsenic, copper, iron, lead, lithium, thallium, tin, zinc)
3 2 3 2
-  -  -  -  Alcohol
4 3 3 2
-  -  -  -  Acute solvent intoxication
2 2 2 1
-  -  -  Metabolic
-  -  -  -  Wernicke's disease
4 3 3 2
-  -  -  Dysautonomia
-  -  -  -  Acute Pandysautonomia Syndrome
3 2 2 1
-  -  -  Antidepressant withdrawal
3 3 3 2
-  -  Episodic vestibular syndromes: differential diagnoses
-  -  -  Canalo- and cupulolithiasis
4 4 4 4

Open Access: Yes


Von Brevern, M., Bertholon, P., Brandt, T., Fife, T., Imai, T., Nuti, D., & Newman-Toker, D. (2015). Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: Diagnostic criteria. Journal of Vestibular Research, 25(3,4), 105–117. https://doi.org/10.3233/ves-150553

Link
https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves553

Description
This article describes the diagnostic criteria for BPPV

Keywords
BPPV, Benign Paroxysmal, Positional, Positioning, vertigo, attack, canalolithiasis, cupulolithiasis, episodic, otoconia, crescendo, descrescendo, nystagmus, upbeat, diagnostic, criteria, diagnosis

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  - 
4 3 4 3

Open Access: Yes


Lempert, T., Olesen, J., Furman, J., Waterston, J., Seemungal, B., Carey, J., Bisdorff, A., Versino, M., Evers, S., Kheradmand, A., & Newman-Toker, D. (2021). Vestibular migraine: Diagnostic criteria (Update)1. Journal of Vestibular Research, 32(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.3233/ves-201644

Link
https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves201644

Description
This article describes the diagnostic criteria for vestibular migraine

Keywords
vestibular migraine, migraine, migraine-associated vertigo, episodic, attack, vertigo, photophobia, phonophobia, headache, aura, diagnostic, criteria, diagnosis

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  - 
3 3 4 3

Open Access: Yes


Van De Berg, R., Widdershoven, J., Bisdorff, A., Evers, S., Wiener-Vacher, S., Cushing, S. L., Mack, K. J., Kim, J. S., Jahn, K., Strupp, M., & Lempert, T. (2020). Vestibular migraine and recurrent vertigo of childhood: Diagnostic criteria consensus document of the Classification Committee of Vestibular Disorders of the Bárány Society and the International Headache Society. Journal of Vestibular Research, 31(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3233/ves-200003

Link
https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves200003

Description
This article describes the diagnostic criteria for Vestibular Migraine and Recurrent Vertigo of Childhood

Keywords
episodic, attack, vertigo, photophobia, phonophobia, headache, aura, childhood, recurrent, BPVC, benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood, children, pediatricdiagnosis, diagnostic, criteria, episodic, vestibular migraine, migraine, migraine-associated vertigo,

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics

Open Access: Yes


van de Berg R, Widdershoven JCC, Bisdorff A, Evers S, Wiener-Vacher S, Cushing SL, Mack KJ, Kim JS, Jahn K, Strupp M & Lempert T. Vestibular migraine and recurrent vertigo of childhood: Diagnostic criteria consensus document of the Classification Committee of Vestibular Disorders of the Barany Society and the International Headache Society. Journal of Vestibular Research 31 (2021) 1–9 DOI:10.3233/VES-200003

Link
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9249292/

Description
Vestibular migraine and recurrent vertigo of childhood: Diagnostic criteria

Keywords
vestibular migraine, childhood, recurrent vertigo of childhood, pediatric

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  - 
3 4 4 3

Open Access: Yes


Lopez-Escamez, J. A., Carey, J., Chung, W., Goebel, J. A., Magnusson, M., Mandalà, M., Newman-Toker, D. E., Strupp, M., Suzuki, M., Trabalzini, F., & Bisdorff, A. (2015). Diagnostic criteria for Menière’s disease. Journal of Vestibular Research, 25(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3233/ves-150549

Link
https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves00549

Description
This article describes the diagnostic criteria for Menière's disease

Keywords
Menière's disease, Menière, episodic, attack, vertigo, tinnitus, aural pressure, hearing, hearing loss, sensorineural, diagnostic, criteria, diagnosis

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  - 
3 2 3 3

Open Access: Yes


Lopez-Escamez, J. A., Carey, J., Chung, W., Goebel, J. A., Magnusson, M., Mandalà, M., Newman-Toker, D. E., Strupp, M., Suzuki, M., Trabalzini, F., & Bisdorff, A. (2015). Diagnostic criteria for Menière’s disease. Journal of Vestibular Research, 25(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3233/ves-150549

Link
https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves00549

Description
This article describes the diagnostic criteria for Menière's disease

Keywords
Menière's disease, Menière, episodic, attack, vertigo, tinnitus, aural pressure, hearing, hearing loss, sensorineural, diagnostic, criteria, diagnosis

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  - 
4 3 4 3

Open Access: Yes


Strupp, M., Lopez-Escamez, J. A., Kim, J., Straumann, D., Jen, J. C., Carey, J., Bisdorff, A., & Brandt, T. (2017). Vestibular paroxysmia: Diagnostic criteria. Journal of Vestibular Research, 26(5–6), 409–415. https://doi.org/10.3233/ves-160589

Link
https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves589

Description
This article describes the diagnostic criteria for vestibular paroxysmia

Keywords
vestibular paroxysmia, paroxysm, episodic, attack, vertigo, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, lacosamide, typewriter, stereotyped, diagnostic, criteria, diagnosis

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  -  Vascular: inner ear and posterior fossa
-  -  -  - 
4 3 3 3

Open Access: Yes


Kim, J., Newman-Toker, D. E., Kerber, K. A., Jahn, K., Bertholon, P., Waterston, J., Lee, H., Bisdorff, A., & Strupp, M. (2022). Vascular vertigo and dizziness: Diagnostic criteria. Journal of Vestibular Research, 32(3), 205–222. https://doi.org/10.3233/ves-210169

Link
https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves210169

Description
This article describes the diagnostic criteria for Vascular Vertigo

Keywords
diagnosis, diagnostic, criteria, acute, episodic, vertigo, unsteadiness, hemorrhage, neurology, neurological, hemiparesis, sensory loss, dysarthria, dysphagia, truncal ataxia, ataxia, postural instability, central, oculomotor abnormalities, impaired smooth pursuit, vascular, ABCD2 score, spontaneous, dizziness, focal, HINTS, gaze-evoked, skew deviation, risk factor, cervical pain, vertebrobasilar, stroke, TIA, infarct, ocular tilt reaction, OTR

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  -  - 
3 3 3 3

Open Access: Yes


Kim, H. A., Bisdorff, A., Bronstein, A. M., Lempert, T., Rossi-Izquierdo, M., Staab, J. P., Strupp, M., & Kim, J. (2019). Hemodynamic orthostatic dizziness/vertigo: Diagnostic criteria. Journal of Vestibular Research, 29(2–3), 45–56. https://doi.org/10.3233/ves-190655

Link
https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves190655

Description
This article describes the diagnostic criteria for hemodynamic orthostatic dizziness/vertigo

Keywords
diagnostic, diagnosis, criteria, hemodynamic, orthostatic, POTS, vertigo, episodic, attack, blood pressure, hypotension, presyncope, presyncopal, systolic, diastolic, vasovagal

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  -  -  Cardiac arythmia induced dizziness/vertigo
2 2 3 2
-  -  -  - 
3 2 3 2

Open Access: Yes


Kim, J., Newman-Toker, D. E., Kerber, K. A., Jahn, K., Bertholon, P., Waterston, J., Lee, H., Bisdorff, A., & Strupp, M. (2022). Vascular vertigo and dizziness: Diagnostic criteria. Journal of Vestibular Research, 32(3), 205–222. https://doi.org/10.3233/ves-210169

Link
https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves210169

Description
This article describes the diagnostic criteria for Vascular Vertigo

Keywords
diagnosis, diagnostic, criteria, acute, episodic, vertigo, unsteadiness, hemorrhage, neurology, neurological, hemiparesis, sensory loss, dysarthria, dysphagia, truncal ataxia, ataxia, postural instability, central, oculomotor abnormalities, impaired smooth pursuit, vascular, ABCD2 score, spontaneous, dizziness, focal, HINTS, gaze-evoked, skew deviation, risk factor, cervical pain, vertebrobasilar, stroke, TIA, infarct, ocular tilt reaction, OTR

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  -  -  Subclavian steal syndrome
3 3 3 2
-  -  -  - 
3 2 3 3

Open Access: Yes


Kim, J., Newman-Toker, D. E., Kerber, K. A., Jahn, K., Bertholon, P., Waterston, J., Lee, H., Bisdorff, A., & Strupp, M. (2022). Vascular vertigo and dizziness: Diagnostic criteria. Journal of Vestibular Research, 32(3), 205–222. https://doi.org/10.3233/ves-210169

Link
https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves210169

Description
This article describes the diagnostic criteria for Vascular Vertigo

Keywords
diagnosis, diagnostic, criteria, acute, episodic, vertigo, unsteadiness, hemorrhage, neurology, neurological, hemiparesis, sensory loss, dysarthria, dysphagia, truncal ataxia, ataxia, postural instability, central, oculomotor abnormalities, impaired smooth pursuit, vascular, ABCD2 score, spontaneous, dizziness, focal, HINTS, gaze-evoked, skew deviation, risk factor, cervical pain, vertebrobasilar, stroke, TIA, infarct, ocular tilt reaction, OTR

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  -  Episodic ataxias
3 2 3 2
-  -  -  Epilepsy with vestibular manifestations
3 2 3 1
-  -  -  Inflammatory
-  -  -  -  Demyelinating diseases (including multiple sclerosis)
4 2 3 3
-  -  -  Episodic vertigo NOS
4 4 4 3
-  -  - 
3 3 3 3

Open Access: Yes


Cha, Y., Golding, J. F., Keshavarz, B., Furman, J., Kim, J., Lopez-Escamez, J. A., Magnusson, M., Yates, B. J., & Lawson, B. D. (2021). Motion sickness diagnostic criteria: Consensus Document of the Classification Committee of the Bárány Society. Journal of Vestibular Research, 31(5), 327–344. https://doi.org/10.3233/ves-200005

Link
https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves200005

Description
This article describes the diagnostic criteria for Motion Sickness

Keywords
diagnosis, criteria, diagnostic, chronic, motion, sickness, visual, passive, boat, train, airplane, transportation, visual, MSD, VIMSD, VIMS, visually induced

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  - 
3 3 3 3

Open Access: Yes


Cha, Y., Baloh, R. W., Cho, C., Magnusson, M., Song, J., Strupp, M., Wuyts, F., & Staab, J. P. (2020). Mal de débarquement syndrome diagnostic criteria: Consensus document of the Classification Committee of the Bárány Society. Journal of Vestibular Research, 30(5), 285–293. https://doi.org/10.3233/ves-200714

Link
https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves200714

Description
This article describes the diagnostic criteria for Mal de Débarquement Syndrome (MDDS)

Keywords
Mal de Dèbarquement, diagnosis, diagnostic, criteria, chronic, haptic, oscillatory, rocking, bobbing, swaying, passive motion, boat, airplane, train, functional, automobile

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  -  Psychiatric disorders in Vestibular Medicine
-  -  -  -  Hyperventilation
3 3 3 2
-  -  -  -  Panic attack / episodic vestibular syndrome due to anxiety
3 3 3 3
-  -  -  -  Anxiety complicating episodic vestibular syndrome
3 3 3 3
-  -  -  Tumor
-  -  -  -  Intralabyrinthine schwannomas
3 4 4 3
-  -  -  -  Endolymphatic sac tumors
2 3 3 2
-  -  -  -  Vestibular schwannoma (including NF2)
4 4 4 3
-  -  -  Drug side effects
3 3 3 2
-  -  Chronic vestibular syndromes: differential diagnoses
-  -  -  Unilateral and bilateral vestibulopathy
-  -  -  - 
4 4 4 3

Open Access: Yes


Van Stiphout, L., Szmulewicz, D. J., Guinand, N., Fornos, A. P., Van Rompaey, V., & Van De Berg, R. (2023). Bilateral vestibulopathy: a clinical update and proposed diagnostic algorithm. Frontiers in Neurology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2023.1308485

Link
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neurology/articles/10.3389/fneur.2023.1308485/full

Description
This article provides a diagnostic algorithm for patients with bilateral vestibulopathy

Keywords
bilateral, bilateral vestibulopathy, vestibular loss, vestibular areflexia, vestibular hypofunction, diagnosis, diagnostic algorithm

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  -  -  Toxic / metabolic
Ototoxic drugs: e.g. aminoglycosides, minocycline, aspirin/naproxen, loop-diuretics, cisplatin/carboplatin, amiodarone, vancomycin, etc.
3 4 4 3
-  -  -  -  -  Aminoglycoside –induced hearing loss A1555G rRNA mutation
-  -  -  -  -  Deficiencies: vitamine B12, folate
4 3 3 2
-  -  -  -  -  Hypothyrodism
2 2 2 2
-  -  -  -  -  Intoxication by solvents (styrene and toluene)
2 2 2 1
-  -  -  -  Infectious / inflammatory (sequelae of)
-  -  -  -  - 
4 4 4 3

Open Access: Yes


Strupp, M., Bisdorff, A., Furman, J., Hornibrook, J., Jahn, K., Maire, R., Newman-Toker, D., & Magnusson, M. (2022). Acute unilateral vestibulopathy/vestibular neuritis: Diagnostic criteria. Journal of Vestibular Research, 32(5), 389–406. https://doi.org/10.3233/ves-220201

Link
https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves220201

Description
This article describes the diagnostic criteria for Acute Unilateral Vestibulopathy/Vestibular Neuritis

Keywords
diagnosis, diagnostic, criteria, acute, vertigo, neuritis, unilateral, vestibulopathy, unsteadiness, hemorrhage, neurology, neurological, hemiparesis, sensory loss, dysarthria, dysphagia, truncal ataxia, ataxia, postural instability, central, oculomotor abnormalities, impaired smooth pursuit, vascular, ABCD2 score, spontaneous, dizziness, focal, HINTS, gaze-evoked, skew deviation,vertebrobasilar, stroke, TIA, infarct, ocular tilt reaction, OTR, VOR, vestibulo-ocular reflex, HIT, head impulse, head thrust, vestibulopathy, vestibular loss, hypofunction, areflexia

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  -  -  - 
3 4 4 3

Open Access: Yes


Strupp, M., Bisdorff, A., Furman, J., Hornibrook, J., Jahn, K., Maire, R., Newman-Toker, D., & Magnusson, M. (2022). Acute unilateral vestibulopathy/vestibular neuritis: Diagnostic criteria. Journal of Vestibular Research, 32(5), 389–406. https://doi.org/10.3233/ves-220201

Link
https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves220201

Description
This article describes the diagnostic criteria for Acute Unilateral Vestibulopathy/Vestibular Neuritis

Keywords
diagnosis, diagnostic, criteria, acute, vertigo, neuritis, unilateral, vestibulopathy, unsteadiness, hemorrhage, neurology, neurological, hemiparesis, sensory loss, dysarthria, dysphagia, truncal ataxia, ataxia, postural instability, central, oculomotor abnormalities, impaired smooth pursuit, vascular, ABCD2 score, spontaneous, dizziness, focal, HINTS, gaze-evoked, skew deviation,vertebrobasilar, stroke, TIA, infarct, ocular tilt reaction, OTR, VOR, vestibulo-ocular reflex, HIT, head impulse, head thrust, vestibulopathy, vestibular loss, hypofunction, areflexia

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  -  -  -  Varicella-zoster infection (Ramsey-Hunt syndrome)
4 4 4 3
-  -  -  -  -  Meningitis
4 4 4 2
-  -  -  -  -  Syphilis
2 2 2 1
-  -  -  -  -  Behçet’s disease
3 3 3 1
-  -  -  -  -  Lyme's disease (Borrelia)
3 3 3 1
-  -  -  -  -  Cytomegalo infection
2 3 3 2
-  -  -  -  Genetic
-  -  -  -  -  DFNA-9, DFNA-11, DFNA-15, DFNB-4
2 3 3 1
-  -  -  -  -  Mutation chromosome 5q, 6q, 11q, 22q
2 2 2 1
-  -  -  -  Vascular
-  -  -  -  -  Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia
2 2 2 1
-  -  -  -  Trauma
-  -  -  -  -  Barotrauma (including blast explosure)
3 4 4 3
-  -  -  -  -  Traumatic vestibular loss after head injury
4 4 4 2
-  -  -  - 
3 4 4 3

Open Access: Yes


Lopez-Escamez, J. A., Carey, J., Chung, W., Goebel, J. A., Magnusson, M., Mandalà, M., Newman-Toker, D. E., Strupp, M., Suzuki, M., Trabalzini, F., & Bisdorff, A. (2015). Diagnostic criteria for Menière’s disease. Journal of Vestibular Research, 25(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3233/ves-150549

Link
https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves00549

Description
This article describes the diagnostic criteria for Menière's disease

Keywords
Menière's disease, Menière, episodic, attack, vertigo, tinnitus, aural pressure, hearing, hearing loss, sensorineural, diagnostic, criteria, diagnosis

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  -  -  -  Iatrogenic (e.g. cochlear implantation)
2 4 4 2
-  -  -  -  Other ear pathology
-  -  -  -  -  Otosclerosis
2 4 4 2
-  -  -  -  -  Cholesteatoma
2 4 4 2
-  -  -  -  -  Vestibular atelectasis
2 2 2 3
-  -  -  -  -  Sequelae of otitis media and mastoiditis
2 4 4 2
-  -  -  -  Congenital
-  -  -  -  -  CHARGE
2 2 3 2
-  -  -  -  -  Usher
2 3 3 2
-  -  -  -  -  Turner
2 2 3 2
-  -  -  -  -  Alport's syndrome
2 2 3 1
-  -  -  -  -  Inner ear malformations (spectrum from aplasia, hypoplasia, Michel and incomplete partition types, enlarged vestibular aqueduct, etc.)
2 3 3 3
-  -  -  - 
4 4 4 3

Open Access: Yes


Agrawal, Y., Van De Berg, R., Wuyts, F., Walther, L., Magnusson, M., Oh, E., Sharpe, M., & Strupp, M. (2019). Presbyvestibulopathy: Diagnostic criteria Consensus document of the classification committee of the Bárány Society. Journal of Vestibular Research, 29(4), 161–170. https://doi.org/10.3233/ves-190672

Link
https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves190672

Description
This article describes the diagnostic criteria for presbyvestibulopathy

Keywords
diagnostic, diagnosis, criteria, presbyvestibulopathy, presbyvertigo, chronic, elderly, presbyequilibrium, age-related, presbystasis,

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  -  -  Superficial siderosis
3 3 3 1
-  -  -  Degenerative
-  -  -  -  Cerebellar ataxias, including:
-  -  -  -  -  Nutritional Ataxia syndromes (B1, B12, E and folate deficiency)
4 2 3 2
-  -  -  -  -  Paraneoplastic ataxia
4 2 2 2
-  -  -  -  -  Creutzfeldt Jakob
4 2 2 1
-  -  -  -  -  Hereditary ataxias
3 2 3 2
-  -  -  -  -  Ataxia telangiectasia
3 2 2 1
-  -  -  -  Parkinsonian syndromes (incl. Parkinson, PSP, MSA)
4 2 3 2
-  -  -  -  CANVAS
3 3 3 3
-  -  -  -  Demyelinating diseases (including multiple sclerosis)
4 2 3 3
-  -  -  -  Dementias
4 3 3 3
-  -  -  Central positional vertigo
4 4 4 4
-  -  -  Functional vestibular disorders
-  -  -  - 
4 4 4 3

Open Access: Yes


Staab, J. P., Eckhardt-Henn, A., Horii, A., Jacob, R., Strupp, M., Brandt, T., & Bronstein, A. (2017). Diagnostic criteria for persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD): Consensus document of the committee for the Classification of Vestibular Disorders of the Bárány Society. Journal of Vestibular Research, 27(4), 191–208. https://doi.org/10.3233/ves-1706229

Link
https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves622

Description
This article describes the diagnostic criteria for Persistent Postural-Perceptual Dizziness (PPPD)

Keywords
PPPD, 3PD, persistent, postural, perceptual, dizziness, functional, psychosomatic, conversion, depression, anxiety, chronic, comorbidity, diagnostic, criteria, diagnosis, attack, visually induced, visual vertigo, supermarket effect

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  -  - 
4 4 4 3

Open Access: Yes


Cha, Y., Baloh, R. W., Cho, C., Magnusson, M., Song, J., Strupp, M., Wuyts, F., & Staab, J. P. (2020). Mal de débarquement syndrome diagnostic criteria: Consensus document of the Classification Committee of the Bárány Society. Journal of Vestibular Research, 30(5), 285–293. https://doi.org/10.3233/ves-200714

Link
https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves200714

Description
This article describes the diagnostic criteria for Mal de Débarquement Syndrome (MDDS)

Keywords
Mal de Dèbarquement, diagnosis, diagnostic, criteria, chronic, haptic, oscillatory, rocking, bobbing, swaying, passive motion, boat, airplane, train, functional, automobile

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  -  Psychiatric disorders in Vestibular Medicine
-  -  -  -  Depression
3 3 3 3
-  -  -  -  Depression complicating chronic vestibular syndrome
3 3 4 3
-  -  -  -  Anxiety disorders
3 3 3 3
-  -  -  -  Fear of falling
3 3 3 3
-  -  -  Post stroke
4 3 4 3
-  -  -  Post concussion
3 3 4 3
-  -  -  Disorders of ocular fusion
-  -  -  -  Vergence insufficiency
3 2 2 3
-  -  -  -  Maladaptation to refractory corrections
3 3 3 2
-  -  -  -  Strabism
3 3 3 3
-  -  -  -  Oculomotor palsies
3 2 2 2
-  -  -  Dysautonomia
-  -  -  -  Primary autonomic neuropathy
3 2 2 1
-  -  -  - 
3 2 3 2

Open Access: Yes


Kim, H. A., Bisdorff, A., Bronstein, A. M., Lempert, T., Rossi-Izquierdo, M., Staab, J. P., Strupp, M., & Kim, J. (2019). Hemodynamic orthostatic dizziness/vertigo: Diagnostic criteria. Journal of Vestibular Research, 29(2–3), 45–56. https://doi.org/10.3233/ves-190655

Link
https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves190655

Description
This article describes the diagnostic criteria for hemodynamic orthostatic dizziness/vertigo

Keywords
diagnostic, diagnosis, criteria, hemodynamic, orthostatic, POTS, vertigo, episodic, attack, blood pressure, hypotension, presyncope, presyncopal, systolic, diastolic, vasovagal

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  -  -  Multisystem Atrophy
4 2 2 2
-  -  -  -  Anti-Ganglionic- Ach receptor antibody syndrome
3 2 2 1
-  -  -  -  Polyneuropathy with autonomic features
3 2 2 2
-  -  -  Malformations of bone and skull base
-  -  -  -  Chiari malformation
3 3 3 3
-  -  -  -  Syringomyelia
4 2 3 2
-  -  -  -  Syringobulbia
4 3 3 2
-  -  -  -  Fibrous dysplasia
2 3 3 1
-  -  -  -  Paget's disease
3 3 3 2
-  -  -  Motion-induced related
-  -  -  - 
4 4 4 3

Open Access: Yes


Cha, Y., Golding, J. F., Keshavarz, B., Furman, J., Kim, J., Lopez-Escamez, J. A., Magnusson, M., Yates, B. J., & Lawson, B. D. (2021). Motion sickness diagnostic criteria: Consensus Document of the Classification Committee of the Bárány Society. Journal of Vestibular Research, 31(5), 327–344. https://doi.org/10.3233/ves-200005

Link
https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves200005

Description
This article describes the diagnostic criteria for Motion Sickness

Keywords
diagnosis, criteria, diagnostic, chronic, motion, sickness, visual, passive, boat, train, airplane, transportation, visual, MSD, VIMSD, VIMS, visually induced

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  -  - 
4 4 4 3

Open Access: Yes


Cha, Y., Golding, J. F., Keshavarz, B., Furman, J., Kim, J., Lopez-Escamez, J. A., Magnusson, M., Yates, B. J., & Lawson, B. D. (2021). Motion sickness diagnostic criteria: Consensus Document of the Classification Committee of the Bárány Society. Journal of Vestibular Research, 31(5), 327–344. https://doi.org/10.3233/ves-200005

Link
https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves200005

Description
This article describes the diagnostic criteria for Motion Sickness

Keywords
diagnosis, criteria, diagnostic, chronic, motion, sickness, visual, passive, boat, train, airplane, transportation, visual, MSD, VIMSD, VIMS, visually induced

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  -  Third Window syndromes:
-  -  -  - 
4 4 4 3

Open Access: Yes


Ward, B. K., Van De Berg, R., Van Rompaey, V., Bisdorff, A., Hullar, T. E., Welgampola, M. S., & Carey, J. P. (2021). Superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome: Diagnostic criteria consensus document of the committee for the classification of vestibular disorders of the Bárány Society. Journal of Vestibular Research, 31(3), 131–141. https://doi.org/10.3233/ves-200004

Link
https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-vestibular-research/ves200004

Description
This article describes the diagnostic criteria for Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence Syndrome

Keywords
diagnosis, diagnostic, criteria, episodic, superior canal, SCD, SCDS SSCD, dehiscence, fistula, perilymphatic, hyperacusis, sound-induced, time-locked, pressure-induced, pressure, Tullio, pulsatile tinnitus, third window, third mobile window, VEMP, vestibular evoked myogenic, autophony, borborygmi

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  -  -  Enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome
2 4 4 3
-  -  -  -  Perilymphatic fistula
2 4 4 3
-  -  -  Tumor
-  -  -  -  Intralabyrinthine schwannomas
3 4 4 3
-  -  -  -  Endolymphatic sac tumors
2 3 3 2
-  -  -  -  Vestibular schwannoma (including NF2)
4 4 4 3
-  -  -  -  Neoplasms: e.g. astrocytomas, medulloblastoma, metastases, glioma
3 2 2 2
-  -  -  -  Meningiomas
3 3 3 2
-  -  -  -  Epidermoid cyst
3 3 3 1
-  -  -  -  Paraneoplastic
4 3 3 2
-  -  -  -  Glomus tumor
3 3 3 1
-  -  -  -  Von Hippel Lindau disease
3 2 2 1
-  -  -  Intoxication
-  -  -  -  Heavy metals
2 2 2 1
-  -  -  -  Quinism
2 2 2 NA
-  -  -  Hydrocephalus (including normal pressure hydrocephalus)
4 3 3 3
-  -  -  Polyneuropathy
4 2 2 3
Sequelae of radiation therapy
3 3 3 3
-  -  Vestibular manifestations of systemic disease fitting variably into the vestibular syndromes
-  -  -  Syphilis: Acquired and Congenital
2 2 2 1
-  -  -  Vestibular manifestations in mitochondrial disorders
2 1 2 1
-  -  -  Infection / inflammatory
-  -  -  -  Tuberculosis
2 2 2 1
-  -  -  -  HIV
3 2 2 1
-  -  -  Autoimmune
-  -  -  -  Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease
2 3 3 2
-  -  -  -  Cogan’s syndrome
2 3 3 2
-  -  -  -  Susac’s syndrome
2 2 2 1
-  -  -  -  Vogt-Koyagani-Harada’s syndrome
2 2 2 1
-  -  -  -  Sarcoidosis
3 3 3 1
-  -  -  -  Wegener’s granulomatosis
3 3 3 1
-  -  -  -  Sjögren’s syndrome
3 3 3 1
-  -  -  -  Ulcerative colitis
2 2 2 1
-  -  -  -  Celiac disease
2 2 2 1
-  -  -  -  Polyarteritis nodosa
2 2 2 1
-  -  -  -  Antiphospholipid syndrome
3 2 2 1
-  -  -  -  Giant cell arteritis
4 2 2 1
-  -  -  -  CLIPPERS
2 1 1 1
-  -  -  -  Systemic lupus
2 2 2 1
-  -  -  -  ANCA associated vasculitis ( p and c-ANCA)
3 3 3 1
-  -  -  Genetic
-  -  -  -  Associated with deafness
-  -  -  -  -  Branchio-oto-renal syndrome (Autosomal dominant: syndromic)
1 3 3 1
-  -  -  -  -  Stickler’s Syndrome (Autosomal dominant: syndromic)
1 2 3 1
-  -  -  -  -  Neurofibromatosis type 2 (Autosomal dominant: syndromic)
4 4 4 2
-  -  -  -  -  Waardenburg’s syndrome (Autosomal dominant: syndromic)
1 3 4 1
-  -  -  -  -  Pendred’s syndrome (Autosomal recessive: syndromic)
1 3 4 1
-  -  -  -  -  Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome (Autosomal recessive: syndromic)
1 1 4 1
-  -  -  -  -  X-linked gusher (X-linked inheritance)
1 3 3 1
-  -  -  -  -  MELAS (Mitochondrial)
3 1 3 1
-  -  -  -  -  MERRF (Mitochondrial )
3 1 3 1
g. Treatment
-  TREATMENTS
-  -  Patient counseling
-  -  -  Explaining basic vestibular physiology to a patient
NA NA NA NA 4 4 4 4
-  -  -  Explaining a vestibular diagnosis to a patient
NA NA NA NA 4 4 4 4
-  -  -  Explaning the close connection between the vestibular and limbic system to a patient
NA NA NA NA 4 4 4 4
-  -  -  Explaining the vestibular results to a patient taking into account the limitations
NA NA NA NA 4 4 4 4
-  -  -  Explaining audiometric results to a patient taking into account the limitations
NA NA NA NA 2 4 4 2
-  -  -  Explaining the importance of remaining physically active and the concept of compensation
NA NA NA NA 4 4 4 4
-  -  -  Explaining the use of diaries / apps / questionnaires to record symptomatology
NA NA NA NA 3 3 3 4
-  -  -  Involving the patient in the treatment decisions
NA NA NA NA 4 4 4 4
-  -  -  Counseling on stress management, life style management, sleep hygiene
NA NA NA NA 3 3 3 3
-  - 

Open Access: Yes


Herdman SJ, Clendaniel RA, Mattox DE, Holliday MJ, Niparko JK. Vestibular adaptation exercises and recovery: acute stage after acoustic neuroma resection. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995 Jul;113(1):77-87. doi: 10.1016/s0194-5998(95)70148-6. PMID: 7603726.

Link
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7603726/

Keywords
surgical; rehabilitation

Topics

Open Access: Yes


Pavlou M, Lingeswaran A, Davies RA, Gresty MA, Bronstein AM. Simulator based rehabilitation in refractory dizziness. J Neurol. 2004 Aug;251(8):983-95. doi: 10.1007/s00415-004-0476-2. PMID: 15316804.

Link
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15316804/

Keywords
failed vestibular rehabilitation; 3PD

Topics

Open Access: Yes


Ibrahim NMK, Hazza NMA, Yaseen DM, Galal EM. Effect of vestibular rehabilitation games in patients with persistent postural perceptual dizziness and its relation to anxiety and depression: prospective study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2024 Jun;281(6):2861-2869. doi: 10.1007/s00405-023-08369-z. Epub 2023 Dec 21. PMID: 38127098; PMCID: PMC11065905.

Link
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38127098/

Keywords
rehabilitation; 3PD

Topics

Open Access: Yes


Pavlou M. The use of optokinetic stimulation in vestibular rehabilitation. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2010 Jun;34(2):105-10. doi: 10.1097/NPT.0b013e3181dde6bf. PMID: 20588097.

Link
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20588097/

Keywords
rehabilitation; visual vertigo

Topics

Open Access: Yes


McDonnell MN, Hillier SL. Vestibular rehabilitation for unilateral peripheral vestibular dysfunction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Jan 13;1(1):CD005397. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005397.pub4. PMID: 25581507; PMCID: PMC11259236.

Link
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25581507/

Topics

Open Access: Yes


Whitney SL, Alghwiri A, Alghadir A. Physical therapy for persons with vestibular disorders. Curr Opin Neurol. 2015 Feb;28(1):61-8. doi: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000162. PMID: 25514252.

Link
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25514252/

Keywords
rehabilitation

Topics

Open Access: Yes


McDonnell MN, Hillier SL. Vestibular rehabilitation for unilateral peripheral vestibular dysfunction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Jan 13;1(1):CD005397. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005397.pub4. PMID: 25581507; PMCID: PMC11259236.

Link
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25581507/

Keywords
chronic unilateral

Topics

Open Access: Yes


Lacour M, Tardivet L, Thiry A. Posture Deficits and Recovery After Unilateral Vestibular Loss: Early Rehabilitation and Degree of Hypofunction Matter. Front Hum Neurosci. 2022 Feb 4;15:776970. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.776970. PMID: 35185493; PMCID: PMC8855301.

Link
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35185493/

Keywords
rehabilitation

Topics

Open Access: Yes


Hall CD, Herdman SJ, Whitney SL, Anson ER, Carender WJ, Hoppes CW, Cass SP, Christy JB, Cohen HS, Fife TD, Furman JM, Shepard NT, Clendaniel RA, Dishman JD, Goebel JA, Meldrum D, Ryan C, Wallace RL, Woodward NJ. Vestibular Rehabilitation for Peripheral Vestibular Hypofunction: An Updated Clinical Practice Guideline From the Academy of Neurologic Physical Therapy of the American Physical Therapy Association. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2022 Apr 1;46(2):118-177. doi: 10.1097/NPT.0000000000000382. PMID: 34864777; PMCID: PMC8920012.

Link
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34864777/

Keywords
rehabilitation

Topics

Open Access: Yes


Michel L, Laurent T, Alain T. Rehabilitation of dynamic visual acuity in patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction: earlier is better. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2020 Jan;277(1):103-113. doi: 10.1007/s00405-019-05690-4. Epub 2019 Oct 21. PMID: 31637477.

Link
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31637477/

Keywords
rehabilitation

Topics
-  -  -  Exploring patient beliefs, behavior management, motivational interviewing (empowerment/engagement skills)
NA NA NA NA 3 3 3 3
-  -  -  Physiotherapy evaluation and goal setting (realistic, limitations)
4 4 4 4 2 2 2 4
-  -  -  Establishing a treatment plan
2 2 2 4 1 1 1 4
-  -  -  Understanding indications for multidisciplinary interventions
4 4 4 4 NA NA NA NA
-  -  -  Use of exercises (head movement, eye movement, balance …)
3 3 3 4 2 2 2 4
-  -  -  Use of devices (mats, wobble board, platforms …)
3 3 3 4 1 1 1 4
-  -  -  Use of virtual reality
2 2 2 4 1 1 1 4
-  -  -  Use of diaries / apps / questionnaires as measures of subjective function
4 4 4 4 3 3 3 4
-  -  -  Awareness that vestibular reflex parameters are poor functional outcome measures
4 4 4 2 NA NA NA NA
-  -  -  Awareness of the emotional aspects
4 4 4 4 NA NA NA NA
-  -  -  Awareness of possible polymorbidity
4 4 4 4 NA NA NA NA
-  -  -  Explaining the rationale for exercise and role of exercise in healing
NA NA NA NA 4 4 4 4
-  -  -  Use of outcome measures
3 3 3 4 3 3 3 4
-  -  -  Management of BPPV (manoeuvers have to be made according to the exact topological diagnosis)
-  -  -  -  Management of posterior canal BPPV
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
-  -  -  -  Management of lateral canal geotropic nystagmus variant
4 4 4 4 3 3 3 4
-  -  -  -  Management of lateral canal apogeotropic nystagmus variant
4 4 4 4 3 3 3 4
-  -  -  -  Management of other BPPV variants (including multicanal)
3 3 4 4 2 2 2 4
-  -  -  -  Ability to select most appropriate maneuver amongst those available for the various BPPV types
3 3 4 4 2 2 2 4
-  -  -  -  Awareness and recognition of the complication of canal conversion
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
-  -  -  -  Use of aids (e.g. BPPV chair, mastoid vibration)
2 2 4 4 2 2 2 4
-  -  -  -  Teaching of self-maneuvres on indication
0 0 0 4 3 3 3 4
-  -  -  Management of acute unilateral vestibulopathy
3 3 3 4 2 2 2 4
-  -  -  Management of chronic unilateral hypofunction
3 3 4 4 2 2 2 4
-  -  -  Management of bilateral vestibulopathy
3 3 4 4 2 2 2 4
-  -  -  Management of visual vertigo / dizziness
3 3 4 4 2 2 2 4
-  -  -  Management of functional disorders including PPPD
3 3 4 4 2 2 2 4
-  -  -  Management of motion sickness disorder
NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG
-  -  -  Management of mal de debarquement syndrome
NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG
-  -  -  Management of ataxia
2 2 4 4 1 1 1 4
-  -  -  Management of posttraumatic vertigo (excluding BPPV)
NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG
-  -  -  Management of perisurgical vertigo / dizziness
2 3 3 4 2 2 2 4
-  -  -  Management of orthostatic hypotension
4 3 3 4 2 2 2 4
-  -  -  Teaching of use of aids (walking sticks, frames …)
2 2 2 4 2 2 2 4
-  -  -  Advice on safe environments
2 2 2 4 2 2 2 4
-  -  -  Advice on self-management of spontaneous vestibular attacks
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
-  -  -  Advice on self-management of panic attacks (including hyperventilation)
3 3 3 3 2 2 2 3
-  -  Orthoptic treatments
-  -  -  Treatment of vergence disorders
2 2 2 2 1 1 1 4
-  -  -  Treatment of oculomotor palsies
2 1 1 2 1 1 1 2
-  -  -  Use of prisms
2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2
-  -  Pharmacotherapy
-  -  -  Vertigo attack, symptomatic relief
4 4 4 2 4 4 1 NA
-  -  -  Acute unilateral vestibulopathy / neuritis
4 4 4 2 4 4 1 NA
-  -  -  Vestibular migraine prophylaxis
4 4 4 2 4 3 1 NA
-  -  -  Migraine headache, attacks and prophylaxis
4 3 3 2 4 3 1 NA
-  -  -  Menière's disease prophylaxis
4 4 4 2 2 3 1 NA
-  -  -  Vestibular paroxysmia
4 4 4 2 4 3 1 NA
-  -  -  Episodic ataxia
4 3 4 2 3 2 1 NA
-  -  -  Motion sickness
4 4 4 2 4 4 1 NA
-  -  -  Motion sickness disorder
NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG
-  -  -  Mal de Débarquement Syndrome
NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG
-  -  -  Ocular instabilities (upbeat nystagmus, downbeat nystagmus, pendular nystagmus, periodic alternating nystagmus, ocular flutter, etc.)
3 3 3 2 3 2 1 NA
-  -  -  Treatment of anxiety and depression
4 4 4 2 3 2 1 NA
-  -  -  Treatment of functional disorders including PPPD
3 3 3 2 3 3 1 NA
-  -  -  Inner ear diseases related to auto-immunity
2 2 2 2 2 2 1 NA
-  -  -  Awareness of the effect of pharmacotherapy on vestibular compensation
4 4 4 4 NA NA NA NA
-  -  Psychotherapy
-  -  -  Psychoeducation about anxiety response and vertigo / dizziness
2 2 3 2 1 1 1 2
-  -  -  Psychoeducation about natural body sway and perception
2 2 3 4 1 1 1 4
-  -  -  Psychoeducation about depersonalisation / derealisation symptoms related to vestibular disorders
2 2 3 2 1 1 1 2
-  -  -  Psychoeducation about fear of falling and social embarrassment
2 2 3 3 1 1 1 4
-  -  -  Psychoeducation about avoidance
2 2 3 3 1 1 1 3
-  -  -  Psychoeducation about associations between thoughts, moods
2 2 3 2 1 1 1 2
-  -  -  Cognitive behavioural therapy related to vestibular symptoms
2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2
-  -  -  Breathing control in the vestibular context
2 2 3 3 1 1 1 3
-  -  -  Use of virtual reality
2 2 2 3 1 1 1 4
-  -  Surgery
-  -  -  Neuro-otological surgical procedures (limitations, indications, procedure, complications)
-  -  -  -  Myringomoty tube placement
2 4 3 2 NA 2 NA NA
-  -  -  -  Intratympanic injections of corticosteroids and gentamicin
3 4 3 3 NA 2 NA NA
-  -  -  -  Semicircular canal plugging (middle fossa, transmastoid)
2 4 3 2 0 1 0 0
-  -  -  -  Resurfacing of semicircular canal (middle fossa, transmastoid)
2 4 3 2 NA 1 NA NA
-  -  -  -  Combination of semicircular canal plugging and resurfacing (middle fossa, transmastoid)
2 4 3 2 NA 1 NA NA
-  -  -  -  Round window reinforcement
2 4 3 2 NA 1 NA NA
-  -  -  -  Exploratory tympanotomy for repair of perilymphatic fistula
2 4 3 2 NA 1 NA NA
-  -  -  -  Labyrinthectomy
3 4 3 2 NA 1 NA NA
-  -  -  -  Neurectomy (vestibular nerve neurectomy, singular nerve neurectomy)
3 4 3 2 NA 1 NA NA
-  -  -  -  Surgery for vestibular schwannoma and other cerebellopontine lesions (retrosigmoidal, translabyrinthine, middle fossa, retrolabyrinthine)
2 4 2 2 NA 1 NA NA
-  -  -  -  Surgery for neurovascular compression of the 8th cranial nerve (e.g. Janetta)
2 3 2 2 NA 1 NA NA
-  -  -  -  Surgery of the endolymphatic sac system (sac decompression, shunt, endolymphatic duct blockage)
1 4 2 2 NA 1 NA NA
-  -  -  -  Awareness of vestibular complications of neurosurgical procedures
3 3 3 3 NA NA NA NA
-  -  -  -  Auditory brainstem implants
1 2 2 1 NA NA NA NA
-  -  -  Common otological procedures
-  -  -  -  Cholesteatoma surgery (tympanoplasty, combined approach tympanoplasty, radical cavity, subtotal petrosectomy)
2 4 3 1 NA 1 NA NA
-  -  -  -  Cochlear implant surgery
2 4 3 1 NA 1 NA NA
-  -  -  -  Middle ear implants (e.g. stapedotomy)
2 4 3 1 NA 1 NA NA
-  -  Radiotherapy (limitations, indications, procedure, complications)
-  -  -  Radiotherapy for vestibular schwannoma
2 3 2 3 NA NA NA NA
-  -  Vascular procedures
-  -  -  Stenting
2 1 1 1 1 NA NA NA
-  -  -  Intravenous and intra-arterial thrombolysis
3 1 1 1 1 NA NA NA
-  -  -  Thrombectomy
3 1 1 1 1 NA NA NA
-  -  -  Coiling
2 1 1 1 1 NA NA NA
-  -  -  Obliteration of vascular malformations
2 1 1 1 1 NA NA NA
-  -  -  Vascular surgical interventions
2 1 1 1 1 NA NA NA
-  -  Pediatric aspects
-  -  -  Liaison with educational providers (schools, etc.)
1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2
h. Professional attitudes
-  PROFESSIONAL ATTITUDES OF A VESTIBULAR MEDICINE EXPERT
-  -  Being aware of the broad spectrum of Vestibular Medicine
-  -  Understanding your role and the role of other members with different clinical backgrounds within the spectrum of Vestibular Medicine
-  -  Being aware of overlap of activities between Vestibular Experts with different clinical backgrounds
-  -  Being aware of own limitations within the spectrum of Vestibular Medicine
-  -  Knowing when to refer and to whom within the Vestibular Medicine network
-  -  Being able to function within a multidisciplinary team to care for complex vestibular patients
-  -  Understanding indications and limitations of ancillary testing, when performing or requesting them
-  -  Being aware of patient associations, and on indication being able to cooperate in respect of mutual independence
-  -  Being aware of the benefits of peer support by patient associations
-  -  Being aware of myths in Vestibular Medicine and how to respond to them
-  -  Being able to critically appraise research in Vestibular Medicine
-  -  Being aware of the local legislation regarding vestibular disorders (professional activities, driving, sports activities, etc.)
-  -  Be able to offer patient-centered care in Vestibular Medicine
-  -  Understand the concept of personalized care in Vestibular Medicine
i. Overview of research topics
-  VESTIBULAR RESEARCH TOPICS
-  - 
-  -  -  Advances in basic vestibular neurophysiology
-  -  -  Vestibular system and cognition
-  -  -  Vestibular disorders and cognitive decline in aging and dementia
-  -  -  Vestibular system and emotion
-  -  -  Vestibular psychophysics
-  -  -  Vestibular system and gait
-  -  -  Vestibular system and sensorimotor and cognitive development
-  -  -  Vestibular compensation
-  -  -  Insights in bilateral vestibulopathy
-  -  Diagnostic procedures
-  -  -  Functional imaging of the vestibular system
-  -  -  Hydrops imaging (gadolinium, AI)
-  -  -  Pediatric vestibular screening
-  -  -  New methods for vestibular stimulation (magnetic fields)
-  -  Treatments
-  -  -  Vestibular rehabilitation protocols and technologies
-  -  -  Dosage, intensity, and timing in exercise prescription
-  -  -  Central vestibular disorders and exercise
-  -  -  Vestibular prosthesis and sensory substitution systems
-  -  -  Treatment for functional disorders
-  -  -  Psychological treatments in vestibular disorders
-  -  -  Pharmacotherapy
-  -  -  Meniere's disease surgical treatment
-  -  - 

Open Access: Yes


Shaikh, A. G., Bronstein, A., Carmona, S., Cha, Y., Cho, C., Ghasia, F. F., Gold, D., Green, K. E., Helmchen, C., Ibitoye, R. T., Kattah, J., Kim, J., Kothari, S., Manto, M., Seemungal, B. M., Straumann, D., Strupp, M., Szmulewicz, D., Tarnutzer, A., . . . Kheradmand, A. (2020). Consensus on Virtual Management of Vestibular Disorders: Urgent versus Expedited care. The Cerebellum, 20(1), 4–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12311-020-01178-8

Link
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12311-020-01178-8

Description
This article provides guidance on virtual consultations in acute and subacute vestibular patients

Keywords
nystagmus, eye movements, virtual, telemedicine, vestibular exam, diagnosis, decision pathway, acute, subacute, triage

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics

Open Access: Yes


Melliti, A., van de Berg, M., & van de Berg, R. (2023). Capturing nystagmus during vertigo attacks using a smartphone: adherence, characteristics, pearls and pitfalls. Journal of neurology, 270(12), 6044–6056. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-023-11965-y

Link
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00415-023-11965-y

Description
This article provides tips and tricks for capturing ictal nystagmus with a smartphone

Keywords
ictal nystagmus, vertigo attack, attack, vertigo, smartphone, telemedicine, nystagmus, diagnosis

Reviewer
Raymond van de Berg

Topics
-  -  -  Genetics of vestibular disorders and gene therapy

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Secretariat: Åsa Eriksson - Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery
University Hospital (Akademiska Sjukhuset) SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden - Phone +46 18 611 53 65 - E-mail asa.eriksson@akademiska.se