Papilledema

1. Unilateral papilledema
2. Pseudo tumor cerebri (Various causes)
3. Brain tumor choke
4. Papilledema complications

Pseudo-Papilledema

1. Congenital blurred disc
2. Buried drusen
3. Exposed drusen
4. Drusen complications

Disc swelling from local and systemic causes

1. Ocularcauses
   1. Ocularhypotension
   2. Big Blind Spot syndrome
   3. Chorioretinal disease
   4. Vitreous effects
   5. Pre-ischemic papillopathies
2. Ischemic papillopathies
   1. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION)
   2. Diabetic papillopathy
   3. Giant cell
   4. Radiation papillopathy
3. Inflammatory papillopathies
   1. Papillitis/Retrobolbar neuritis
   2. Papillitis with macular star (Cat scratch disease)
   3. Nodular papillopathies (sarcoid)
   4. Leutic papillopathies
4. Vascular papillopathy
   1. Disc edema with systemic Lupus
   2. Disc edema with systemic Hypertension
5. Disc swelling with central retinal vein occlusion
6. Neoplastic papillopathy
   1. Metastatic papillopathy
   2. Disc swelling from optic nerve sheaths
      1. Meningioma of the optic nerve sheaths
      2. Gliomas of the optic nerve
      3. Pigment epithelial hamartoma of optic disc
7. Traumatic papillopathy
   1. Evulsion of the optic disc
   2. Purtchers traumatic retinopathy
   3. Vitreopapillary evulsion (traumatic AION)

Congenital Anomalies of the Optic Disc

1. Hypoplasias
2. Panhypoplasia
3. Dysplasia with hypoplasia
4. Segmental hypoplasias
   1. Retinal/optic disc hypoplasias
      1. Congenital toxo
      2. Tilted
      3. Nasal hypoplasia
   2. Superior segmental hypoplasia
   3. Inferior segmental hypoplasia
   4. Chiasmal hemioptic hypoplasia
   5. Occipital hemioptic hypoplasia
5. Vascolar Disc Anomalies
   1. Arterial Anomalies
      1. All cilioretinal discs
      2. Prepapillary arterial loops
      3. Prepapillary arterial convolutions
      4. Retinal arteriovenous malformations
   2. Venous Anomalies
      1. Exit anomalies
         1. Edge veins (Veins of Kraupa)
         2. Choriovaginal veins
      2. Prepapillary venous convolutions
         1. Congenital
         2. Acquired
      3. Congenital venous tortuosity
6. Cavitary Anomalies
   1. Pits of the optic disc
   2. Morning Glory disc
   3. Empty discs (Coloboma-like)
7. Anomalous Pale Disc
   1. Macro discs

Optic Atrophy

1. Special Features
   1. Atrophy with optocilliary veins
   2. Atrophy with focally narrowed retinal arterioles
      1. Post ischemic (AION) cupless atrophy
      2. Post radiation papillopathy
   3. Atrophy with diffuse narrowed retinal arterioles
      1. Old central retinal artery occlusion with and without additional retinovascolar signs
      2. Retinal pigmentary degeneration (sine pigmentosa)
      3. Quinine toxicity
   4. Atrophy with arteriolar sheathing, gliosis and pseudodrusen
   5. Atrophy with peripapillary microangiopathy
   6. Atrophy with cupping
      1. Low tension glaucoma, and glaucoma with wedge and sector defects in the RNFL
      2. Temporal cupping with dominant hereditary optic atrophy
      3. Post giant cell arteritis ischemic papillopathy (See section on Ischemic Papillopathies – Disc Swelling)
      4. Atrophy with congenital anomalies
2. Retrobulbar causes
   1. Severe atrophy
      1. Diffuse atrophy
      2. Segmental atrophy
         1. Temporal atrophy
         2. Altitudinal atrophy
         3. Hemianopic (band) atrophy; optic tract atrophy
   2. Incipient atrophy
      1. Normal peripapillary nerve fiber layer
      2. Multiple sclerosis slits and thinning in the peripapillary nerve fiber layer
3. Incipient Optic Atrophy in Ocular Hypertension

Retinocerebral Diseases

1. The Phakomatoses
   1. Arteriovenous malformations
   2. Sturge-Weber syndrome
   3. Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome
   4. Tuberous sclerosis
   5. Neurofibromatosis – 1
   6. Neurofibromatosis – 2
2. Metabolic, Degenerative and Inflammatory Disorders
   1. Cherry red spots
   2. Pigmentary retinopathy
      1. Hereditary cerebellar degenerations
      2. Hereditary cerebellar macular degenerative disease
      3. Spastic paraplegia
      4. Hereditary peripheral neuropathy
      5. External ophthalmoplegia
      6. Paraneoplastic retinopathy
   3. Retinal Subacute Sclerosing Pan Encephalopathy (SSPE)
   4. Multifocal placoid epitheliopathy
3. Occlusive Vascular Disease
   1. Atheromatous embolization
   2. Slow flow retinopathy
   3. Calcific retinal emboli
   4. Cerebroretinal microangiopathy (Susac Syndrome)
   5. Pseudoxanthoma elasticum