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Table of Contents

1. Ocular and neurologic examination
   1. Evaluation of visual function
      1. Visual fields
      2. Visual acuity
   2. Pupillary examination
      1. Measuring the RAPD
   3. Funduscopic examination
      1. Tour of the Fundus
      2. Venous pulsations
   4. Use of:
      1. Transillumination
      2. Direct ophthalmoscope
   
   
2. Ancillary tests obtained in neuro-ophthalmology
   1. Measure the Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect (RAPD)
   
   
3. Neuro-Ophthalmic symptoms and signs
   1. Nystagmus
   2. Lid findings
      1. Lid retraction
      2. Lid twitch
      3. Lid Opening
   3. Orbital signs
      1. Pulsating exophthalmos
   4. Pupillary changes
      1. Dilation Lag
      2. RAPD
   5. Facial Weakness
   
   
4. Disorders of the Afferent and Efferent Visual Pathways
   1. Orbital pathology
      1. Inflammation/Infection
         1. Thyroid Orbitopathy
   2. Pupillary pathology
      1. Evaluation and management of specific pupillary disorders
         1. Dilation lag
         2. Third nerve palsy
         3. Fourth Nerve Palsy
         4. RAPD (Afferent pupillary defect)
         5. Light near dissociation
         6. Flynn Phenomenon
   3. Eye movement systems pathology
      1. Supranuclear palsy
         1. Internuclear ophthalmoplegia
         2. Lateropulsion
      2. Gaze Palsy
      3. Congenital Occular Motor Apraxia
      4. Cyclic Oculomotor Palsy
      5. Apraxia
      6. Spasm of the Near
   4. Ocular motility disturbance by location
      1. Dorsal Midbrain Syndrome
      2. Nystagmus and disorders of ocular stability
         1. Pendular nystagmus (binocular & monocular)
         2. Vestibular nystagmus
         3. Specific types of nystagmus and their localizing value(1 if common and 2 if rare)
            1. Spasmus nutans
            2. Congenital nystagmus
            3. Downbeat nystagmus
            4. Upbeat nystagmus
            5. Rebound nystagmus
            6. Brun's nystagmus
            7. Periodic alternating nystagmus
            8. Retraction nystagmus
            9. Convergence retraction nystagmus
            10. Rotary nystagmus
            11. Rotary downbeat nystagmus
            12. See-Saw nystagmus
            13. Dissociated nystagmus
            14. Abducting nystagmus
            15. Latent nystagmus
            16. Rotary nystagmus
            17. Vestibular nystagmus
            18. End-gaze nystagmus
            19. Voluntary nystagmus
         4. Ocular oscillations
            1. Square wave jerks
            2. Flutter
            3. Opsoclonus
            4. Superior Oblique Myokymia
            5. Oculopalatal Myoclonus
      3. Eyelid position abnormalities
         1. Ptosis
            1. Bilateral Ptosis
            2. Levator dehiscence
            3. Ocular myasthenia
            4. Neuropathic
               1. Third nerve dysfunction
               2. Aberrant Regeneration of Third Nerve
               3. Aberrant Regeneration of the Third and Sixth Nerves
               4. Aberrant Regeneration of the Seventh Nerve
            5. Blepharospasm
         2. Marcus Jaw Winking
      4. Facial nerve dysfunction
         1. Facial myokymia
         2. Ocular Myotonia
         3. Hemifacial Spasm
      5. Systemic disorders
         1. Neurofibromatosis (Transillumination -ciliary vessels and lisch nodules )
      6. Neurologic disorders
         1. Central retinal artery occlusion
         2. Intracranial Tumors
         3. Progressive supranuclear palsy
         4. Myasthenia gravis
         5. Thyroid Orbitopathy
         6. Duane's Syndrome
         7. Brainstem Trauma
         8. CPEO
      7. Ocular diseases
         1. Transillumination - (Ocular melanoma )
      8. Functional disorders
         1. Spasm of the Near Triad
         2. Voluntary Nystagmus
   
   
5. Procedures Commonly Performed/Obtained in Neuro-Ophthalmology
   1. Tensilon Test